Research Article

A Secure and Lightweight Three-Factor Remote User Authentication Protocol for Future IoT Applications

Table 4

Computation overhead comparison.

ProtocolsUserSensor nodes nodesTotal costTotal estimation

[1]0.66 ms
[8]1.04 ms
[33]0.44 ms
[45]0.96 ms
[50]3.18 ms
[60]0.6 ms
Ours0.36 ms