Enhancing Interpretability of Data-Driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methodology with Maintainability Rules in Smart Building Management

Table 6

HVAC System - Air Distribution and Terminal Systems.

Problem	Design	Construction	Maintenance
Dirty and mouldy ductwork; Mould growth in duct; Damper inside AHU collecting condensation, leading to biological growth	Conform to the design requirements for air duct systems, including for fittings and accessories, in accordance with SS 553 or equivalent (where consideration is given to air velocities in ducts, materials and construction method, etc.). Fulfil the compliance requirements of thermal insulation for pipework. Comply with the ductwork seal requirements. Ensure that rigid ducts are manufactured from steel, aluminium, glass-fibre or mineral wool, or other approved materials. Conform to the minimum duct; insulation R-values for cooling supply/return ducts in accordance with SS 553, AS 1668.2 or equivalent.	Adopt the construction and installation requirements for air duct systems and their fittings and accessories. Ensure that the ducts or duct linings (where glass fibre or mineral wool is exposed to the air stream) are suitably protected to prevent fibre erosion. The ducts should be sturdily supported - provide metal hangers and brackets for supporting ducts. Guarantee that the inner surfaces of the ducts for supply and return air are smooth and resistant to abrasion in order to reduce dust accumulation in accordance with SS 553, AS 1668.2 or equivalent.	Carry out noise and air loss check when necessary.; Perform testing and rating of performance of ducted air-conditioners (ventilation, exhaust and leakage air flow) in accordance with ISO/FDIS 13253.; Carry out yearly check of ducting insulation.; Perform duct leakage test as per industry requirements in accordance with SS 553, AS 1668.2 or equivalent.
Filter media choked at the air terminal; Choked filter; Bent aluminium fin	Provide locations for intake and return air terminals. Adopt the minimum standard air filter requirements with regard to the use of air filters for cleaning outdoor air so that no unfiltered air can enter the air handling system. Follow the recommended use of secondary air filter of 80% dust spot efficiency in accordance with SS 553, AS 1668.2 or equivalent. Use of locally green certified energy efficient air filters (SGBP) if space provision is adequate [8].; Provide sufficient access space for easy cleaning and replacement of filters.; Provide a display system for temperature and relative humidity at each floor and at each tenanted area.	Carry out an alternate efficiency test method for filters in accordance with ISO 29463-5 or equivalent.; Perform a one-time vet airflow test during commissioning and keep proper record of the report to ensure the cooling capacity is adequate in accordance with design load and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and that the noise level is within the desired level in accordance with applicable statutory and regulatory noise pollution standards.	Monitor air pressure and pressure drop across the filter and replace filter when needed. If filter is heavily dented, the filter should be replaced.; Cary out leakage test to test filter for local penetration in accordance with ISO; 29463-1.; Carry out monthly check and observe the dust accumulation level in ducts or grilles.