Diet and Skin Cancer: The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidants in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Prevention

Table 3

Serum AO levels and NMSC incidence.

Study	Study design	Antioxidant supplements studied	Effect on NMSC risk	Statistically significant results	Study location
Clark et al., 1984 [42]	Case-control study of 240 subjects with NMSC	Selenium	Significantly lower levels in patients with NMSC	BCC: OR: 3.91; 95% CI: 1.2–13.1	USA
Breslow et al., 1995 [67]	Nested case-control study of 30 BCC and 37 SCC patients using serum obtained prior to diagnosis of NMSC	Retinol; Beta-carotene; α-Tocopherol; Selenium	None	NA	USA
Dorgan et al., 2004 [68]	Prospective cohort study of 302 subjects with history of BCC followed for 5 years	Carotenoids; Vitamin E	None	NA	USA
		Carotenoids	None	NA
van der Pols et al., 2009 [69]	Prospective cohort study of 485 Australian adults followed for 8 years	Selenium	60% decreased incidence high serum levels	BCC: RR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21–0.86; : 0.02; SCC: RR: 0.36; 85% CI: 0.15–0.82; : 0.02	Australia
		Vitamin E	None	NA

BCC: basal cell carcinoma; CI: confidence interval; NA: not applicable; NMSC: nonmelanoma skin cancer; OR: odds ratio; : value; RR: relative rate; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma.