Review Article

Cervical Spine Involvement in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review

Table 4

Summary table of the Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD) classifications and concussion symptoms that can manifest themselves in any grade of WAD [6, 20, 27, 28].

WAD classificationSymptoms

0No neck complaints
IComplaint of neck pain, stiffness, or tenderness
IINeck complaint with musculoskeletal signs
IIINeck complaint, musculoskeletal signs, and neurological signs
IVFracture and/or dislocation