Sleep Quality’s Effect on Vigilance and Perceptual Ability in Adolescent and Adult Athletes
Table 1
Athletes’ characteristics results between adolescents and adults. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The relationship between hits, reaction time, and PSQI score and age group are presented as value.
Total n = 86
Adolescents n = 35
Adults n = 51
value†
95% Cl
Hits (rep/30 s)
Reaction time (sec)
PSQI score
Adolescents
Adults
Adolescents
Adults
Adolescents
Adults
Age, yrs
22.7 ± 6.0
17.3 ± 0.2
26.3 ± 5.2
<0.001
−10.814–−7.223
0.251
0.472
0.345
0.907
0.013
0.181
Training age, yrs
9.3 ± 4.9
6.5 ± 2.2
11.1 ± 5.4
<0.001
−6.516–−2.672
0.202
0.209
0.144
0.463
0.811
0.517
Body mass, kg
73.5 ± 8.3
68.9 ± 7.9
76.5 ± 7.2
<0.001
−10.877–−4.336
0.275
0.629
0.417
0.255
0.462
0.359
Body fat, %
10.1 ± 3.3
9.9 ± 3.6
10.3 ± 3.1
0.601
−1.850–1.078
0.870
0.719
0.629
0.666
0.651
0.208
Body mass index, kg/m2
22.8 ± 1.7
21.9 ± 1.8
23.5 ± 1.3
<0.001
−2.239–−0.879
0.682
0.576
0.821
0.328
0.302
0.235
Muscle mass, kg
62.2 ± 7.3
57.9 ± 7.1
65.2 ± 5.7
<0.001
−0.326–−0.114
0.326
0.750
0.513
0.306
0.267
0.527
Δchest, cm
6.6 ± 1.9
7.0 ± 1.8
6.3 ± 1.9
0.097
−5.947–−2.010
0.109
0.655
0.137
0.473
0.864
0.455
Body surface area, m2
1.8 ± 0.3
1.7 ± 0.2
1.9 ± 0.2
<0.001
−1.287–0.861
0.491
0.596
0.674
0.283
0.707
0.331
Lean body mass, %
58.5 ± 4.9
56.2 ± 4.6
60.1 ± 4.5
<0.001
−10.111–−4.587
0.475
0.667
0.656
0.292
0.738
0.354
Total body water, %
64.1 ± 2.4
63.9 ± 2.6
64.2 ± 2.4
0.694
−0.130–1.532
0.479
0.859
0.579
0.802
0.236
0.281
VO2resting, ml/min−1/kg−1
6.2 ± 1.5
6.9 ± 1.7
5.9 ± 1.4
0.123
−0.143–1.182
0.810
0.060
0.727
0.115
0.976
0.273
VO2anaerobic threshold, ml/min−1/kg−1
45.2 ± 4.2
46.4 ± 4.6
44.3 ± 3.7
0.021
0.321–3.901
0.686
0.709
0.474
0.693
0.595
0.149
VO2max, ml/min−1/kg−1
58.1 ± 4.9
59.7 ± 6.2
57.0 ± 3.6
0.012
0.617–4.801
0.365
0.871
0.519
0.453
0.931
0.088
HRresting, bpm−1
99.9 ± 16.5
100.8 ± 15.0
99.2 ± 17.6
0.663
−1.619–0.987
0.757
0.784
0.055
0.841
0.349
0.680
HRpeak, bpm−1
193.9 ± 10.1
197.9 ± 8.3
191.1 ± 10.3
0.002
−5.650–8.837
0.734
0.863
0.680
0.709
0.032
0.164
ΔHR, bpm−1
22.9 ± 8.7
30.1 ± 11.0
31.0 ± 12.2
0.777
2.673–11.055
0.197
0.768
0.163
0.697
0.077
0.751
Duration 2nd stage, min−1
11.7 ± 1.2
11.7 ± 1.4
11.7 ± 1.1
0.798
−0.943–11.485
0.868
0.659
0.870
0.968
0.850
0.011
Speedpeak, km/h−1
17.6 ± 1.1
17.6 ± 1.3
17.7 ± 1.0
0.705
−5.833–4.372
0.607
0.995
0.695
0.746
0.844
0.016
HR = heart rate, RT = reaction time, VO2 = oxygen uptake, Δchest = circumference difference between maximal inhalation and exhalation, ΔHR = beats per minute difference between maximal effort and 1st minute of recovery, † between groups, 95% Cl = 95% confidence Interval of the difference.
