Research Article

Chemical Changes of Enamel Produced by Sodium Fluoride, Hydroxyapatite, Er:YAG Laser, and Combined Treatments

Table 3

Atomic percentages (at%) of Ca and P and Ca/P ratio of the permanent tooth enamel surface analyzed before treatment and after treatment by EDS (mean-standard deviation).

GroupCaPCa/P
BTATBTATBTATBTATBTATBTAT

NaF8.62 ± 2.452.97 ± 1.57SAA6.36 ± 1.002.04 ± 1.09SAA1.34 ± 0.211.52 ± 0.34SAA, B
HA-NaF-X8.06 ± 3.177.86 ± 2.51NSAB5.90 ± 1.845.87 ± 1.45NSAB1.34 ± 0.151.32 ± 0.16NSAA
L7.15 ± 1.6315.79 ± 2.38SAC5.36 ± 0.929.44 ± 0.79SAC1.33 ± 0.131.67 ± 0.14SAB
L + NaF7.83 ± 3.1130.44 ± 4.28SAD5.80 ± 1.5911.97 ± 1.45SAD1.32 ± 0.232.55 ± 0.22SAC
L + HA-NaF-X7.86  2.9419.95 ± 6.64SAC5.69 ± 1.6910.45 ± 1.30SAC, D1.36 ± 0.201.88 ± 0.45SAB

BT: before treatment; AT: after treatment; S: significant difference; NS: no significant difference. Element comparison by group before and after treatment. Capital letters in a column compare between values of different groups before and after treatment. First column: before treatment; second column: after treatment. The same capital letters mean that they do not differ statistically.