Journal of Spectroscopy

Research Article

Dynamic Variation in Hippocampal Metabolism after Acute Stress Exposure: An In Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study at 9.4 T

Table 1

The effects of acute restraint stress through two-way repeated-measures ANOVA at four time points. Each metabolite was analyzed whether there were effects over time and interaction between time and groups with within-subject effects and whether there was a significant difference between groups due to acute stress.


Metabolites	Within-subject effects		Between-subject effects
Metabolites	Time	Time × group	Group

Ala	F_3,66 = 20.78,	F_3,66 = 3.38,	F_1,22 = 8.95,
Cr	F_3,66 = 10.07,	F_3,66 = 2.00,	F_1,22 = 1.52,
GABA	F_3,66 = 7.81,	F_3,66 = 1.83,	F_1,22 = 0.69,
Gln	F_3,66 = 16.30,	F_3,66 = 2.02,	F_1,22 = 0.50,
Glu	F_3,66 = 43.15,	F_3,66 = 0.09,	F_1,22 = 5.05,
GSH	F_2.42,53.16 = 9.53,	F_2.42,53.16 = 2.05,	F_1,22 = 0.19,
m-Ins	F_3,66 = 7.26,	F_3,66 = 0.46,	F_1,22 = 2.83,
NAA	F_3,66 = 3.22,	F_3,66 = 0.49,	F_1,22 = 0.31,
PCh	F_3,66 = 0.41,	F_3,66 = 0.78,	F_1,22 = 0.88,
PCr	F_3,66 = 6.15,	F_3,66 = 0.77,	F_1,22 = 0.98,
Tau	F_2.68,59.04 = 0.47,	F_2.68,59.04 = 1.04,	F_1,22 = 2.76,
Glx	F_3,66 = 9.87,	F_3,66 = 0.60,	F_1,22 = 0.96,
tCho	F_2.60,57.12 = 87.46,	F_2.60,57.12 = 1.53,	F_1,22 = 0.44,
tCr	F_2.60,56.51 = 0.002,	F_2.60,56.51 = 0.58,	F_1,22 = 3.01,
tNAA	F_3,66 = 2.00,	F_3,66 = 0.33,	F_1,22 = 0.34,

Glx, glutamate + glutamine; tCho, total choline; tCr, total creatine; tNAA, N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate.