|
| First author and reference | Publication year | Sample size | Study | Location | Intervention | Genital HIV-1 RNA change (log10 copy/mL) | Plasma HIV-1 RNA change (log10 copy/mL) | Clinical outcomes |
|
| Studies examining the impact on plasma and/or genital viral load coinfected patients off CART |
| Schacker [14] | 2002 | 12 (no CART); 1 patient on dual therapy | Single-arm study | USA | Acyclovir 800 mg three times daily for 8 weeks; no treatment during the preceding and subsequent 8-week periods | NR | 48% reduction in RNA levels | NR |
|
| Nagot [8] | 2007 | 136 women
(no CART) | Randomized study | Burkina Faso | Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily versus placebo for 12 weeks | Cervical: −0.53 (95% CI: −0.72, −0.35) | −0.29 (95% CI: −0.44, −0.15) | NR |
|
| Zuckerman [15] | 2007 | 20 MSM
(no CART) | Placebo-controlled crossover | Lima, Peru | Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily versus placebo (8 weeks for each arm) | Rectal levels: −0.16 (95% CI: −0.07, −0.25; ), 33% decrease | −0.33 (95% CI: −0.23, −0.42; ), 53% decrease | NR |
|
| Dunne [16] | 2008 | 67 women
(no CART) | Placebo-controlled crossover | Chiang Rai, Thailand | Acyclovir 800 mg twice daily versus placebo (1 month each phase) | Cervicovaginal levels: −0.3, | −0.47, | NR |
|
| Baeten [17] | 2008 | 20 women
(no CART) | Placebo-controlled crossover | Peru | Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily versus placebo (8-week treatment) | Cervical levels: −0.35, a 55% decrease, and | −0.26, a 45% decrease [] | NR |
|
| Delany [18] | 2009 | 300 women
(no CART) | Randomized study | South Africa | Acyclovir 400 mg twice daily versus placebo (3 months) | Cervicovaginal levels: 0.13 (95% CI: −0.14, 0.39) | −0.34 (95% CI: −0.15, −0.54) | NR |
|
| Celum* [19] | 2010 | 3,360 heterosexual men and women (no CART) | Randomized study | South and East Africa | Acyclovir 400 mg twice daily for up to 102 weeks | NR | −0.25 (95% CI: −0.29, −0.22), | NR |
|
| Tanton [20] | 2010 | 484 women
(no CART) | Randomized study | Tanzania | Acyclovir 400 mg twice daily versus placebo for 6 months | Cervicovaginal levels: −0.01 (95% CI: −0.20, 0.19) | 0.04 (95% CI: −0.07, 0.15) | NR |
|
| Mugwanya [21] | 2011 | 32 men and women
(no CART) | Placebo-controlled crossover | Kenya | Valacyclovir 1.5 g twice daily versus acyclovir 400 twice daily (12 weeks) | NR | −0.62 (95% CI: −0.68, −0.55, ) | NR |
|
| Studies examining the impact on plasma and/or genital viral load coinfected patients on CART |
| Ouedraogo [22] | 2006 | 60 women (on CART) | Randomized study | Burkina Faso | Valacyclovir 500 mg twice daily versus placebo for 12 weeks | Cervicovaginal levels: −0.41 (95% CI: −1.35, 0.53) | −0.33 (95% CI: −0.81, 0.16) | NR |
|
| Studies examining the impact on clinical HIV-1 progression |
| Lingappa* [23] | 2010 | 3,381 heterosexual men and women (no CART) | Randomized study | East and Southern Africa | Acyclovir 400 mg twice daily versus placebo for 24 months | NR |
*
| 16% reduction in HIV-1 progression (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.98) |
|
| Reynolds [24] | 2012 | 440 (no CART) | Randomized study | Uganda | Acyclovir 400 mg twice daily versus placebo for 24 months | NR | NR | 25% reduction in progression (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.99) |
|
