The Prevalence of Syphilis Infection and Its Associated Factors in the General Population of Rwanda: A National Household-Based Survey

Table 1

Prevalence of syphilis by sociodemographic characteristics in Rwanda.

Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics	Women			Men			Total
	RPR positive	⁢TPHA positive		RPR positive	⁢TPHA positive		⁢RPR positive		⁢TPHA positive
	Percentage (95% CI)		Percentage (95% CI)	Percentage (95% CI)		Percentage (95% CI)		Percentage (95% CI)		Percentage (95% CI)
Overall 15–49	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	7,384	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	6,756	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	14,140	0.9 (0.8–1.2)	14,140	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Age group
15–24	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	3,008	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	2,612	0.5 (0.3–0.8)	5,620	0.6 (0.4–0.9)	5,620	0.6 (0.4–0.9)
25–49	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	4,376	1.1 (0.9–1.5)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	4,144	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	8,520	1.1 (0.9–1.5)	8,520	1.1 (0.8–1.3)
Marital status
Not living in union	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	3,657	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	3,192	0.6 (0.3–0.9)	6,849	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	6,849	0.8 (0.6–1.0)
Living in union	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	3,727	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	3,564	1.0 (0.7–1.4)	7,291	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	7,291	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Residence
Rural	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	6,507	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	5,854	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	12,361	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	12,361	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Urban	1.5 (0.8–2.7)	877	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	1.1 (0.5–2.7)	902	0.9 (0.3–2.5)	1,779	1.3 (0.8–2.2)	1,779	1.1 (0.6–2.0)
Province
East	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	1,652	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	1,590	0.8 (0.4–1.4)	3,242	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	3,242	1.0 (0.7–1.5)
North	0.2 (0.1–0.7)	1,239	0.1 (0.0–0.6)	0.4 (0.2–1.1)	1,064	0.4 (0.1–0.9)	2,303	0.3 (0.2–0.7)	2,303	0.2 (0.1–0.6)
South	0.7 (0.4–1.3)	1,848	0.8 (0.4–1.4)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	1,725	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	3,573	0.8 (0.5–1.3)	3,573	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
West	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	1,755	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	0.9 (0.6–1.5)	1,432	0.6 (0.4–1.2)	3,187	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	3,187	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
City of Kigali	1.4 (0.8–2.6)	890	1.3 (0.7–2.5)	1.4 (0.7–2.9)	945	1.2 (0.5–2.7)	1,835	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	1,835	1.3 (0.7–2.2)
Religion
Christian	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	7,071	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	6,324	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	13,395	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	13,395	0.8 (0.7–1.0)
Other religions	3.1 (1.6–5.8)	313	3.1 (1.6–5.8)	1.0 (0.4–2.6)	432	1.0 (0.4–2.6)	745	1.9 (1.1–3.4)	745	1.9 (1.1–3.4)
Highest education level
No education/primary	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	5,878	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	5,235	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	11,113	1.1 (0.9–1.3)	11,113	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
Secondary/vocational/high education	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	1,506	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	1,521	0.5 (0.2–1.0)	3,027	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	3,027	0.4 (0.2–0.8)
Wealth index
Lowest/secondary/middle	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	4,385	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	3,805	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	8,190	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	8,190	1.1 (0.8–1.4)
Fourth/higher	0.8 (0.5–1.2)	2,999	0.7 (0.4–1.1)	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	2,951	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	5,950	0.7 (0.5–1.1)	5,950	0.6 (0.4–1.0)

RPR: rapid plasma reagin; TPHA: Treponema pallidum haemagglutination.