The Prevalence of Syphilis Infection and Its Associated Factors in the General Population of Rwanda: A National Household-Based Survey

Table 2

Syphilis infection and HIV status in Rwanda.

Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics	⁢TPHA+ results among HIV+ participants aged 15–49		⁢TPHA+ results among HIV− participants aged 15–49
		Percentage (95% CI)		Percentage (95% CI)
Overall 15–49	412	4.8 (2.9–7.9)	13,728	0.8 (0.6–1.0)
Age group
15–24	38	5.3 (1.3–19.8)	5,582	0.6 (0.4–0.9)
25–49	374	4.8 (2.9–7.8)	8,146	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Sex
Male	159	3.2 (1.3–7.6)	6,597	0.7 (0.5–1.0)
Female	253	5.9 (3.4–10.0)	7,131	0.8 (0.6–1.1)
Marital status
Not living in union	150	3.5 (1.5–8.2)	6,699	0.7 (0.5–1.0)
Living in union	262	5.6 (3.2–9.7)	7,029	0.8 (0.6–1.1)
Residence
Rural	320	3.3 (1.6–6.7)	12,041	0.8 (0.6–1.0)
Urban	92	9.8 (4.7–19.0)	1,687	0.6 (0.3–1.3)
Province
East	72	4.3 (1.3–13.0)	3,170	0.9 (0.6–1.4)
North	44	2.2 (0.3–14.8)	2,259	0.2 (0.1–0.6)
South	95	1.9 (0.3–12.0)	3,478	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
West	97	1.2 (0.2–7.7)	3,090	1.1 (0.7–1.7)
City of Kigali	104	11.7 (6.1–21.1)	1,731	0.6 (0.3–1.2)
Religion
Christian	366	3.6 (1.9–6.5)	13,029	0.8 (0.6–1.0)
Other religions	46	14.6 (6.0–31.4)	699	1.0 (0.5–2.0)
Highest education level
No education/primary	339	5.6 (3.4–9.2)	10,774	0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Secondary/vocational/high education	412	1.2 (0.2–7.9)	2,954	0.4 (0.2–0.8)
Wealth index
Lowest/secondary/middle	226	5.1 (2.6–9.9)	7,964	1.0 (0.7–1.2)
Fourth/higher	186	4.5 (2.3–8.6)	5,764	0.5 (0.3–0.8)

TPHA: Treponema pallidum haemagglutination; CI: confidence interval.