Molecular and Biochemical Effects of a Kola Nut Extract on Androgen Receptor-Mediated Pathways

Table 1

Regulation of androgen receptor target genes by Biz-2.

Genes	mRNA expression relative to control									Gene description
	Biz-2			DHT			RES
	10 ppm–24 h			10 nM–24 h			10 nM–24 h
	Fold	SEM	N	Fold	SEM	N	Fold	SEM	N
PSA	10.55	2.26	3	8.09	0.91	3	3.66	0.18	3	Prostate-specific antigen: prostate tumor marker
NKX3-1	3.932	0.74	3	13.84	2.21	3	2.51	0.24	3	NK3 homeobox: a novel human prostate-specific, androgen-regulated homeobox gene associated with prostate cancer progression
TSC22	5.95	1.44	3	1.38	0.16	3	2.45	0.25	3	Tuberous sclerosis 22: a leucine zipper transcription factor whose expression is induced by TGF-b
PART-1	1	0.3		0.35	0.02		—	—	—	Prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1: androgen-inducible gene that is regulated by androgens and phytoestrogen
ER𝛽	1.17	0.4	3	1.08	0.32	3	1.27	0.21	3	Estrogen receptor 𝛽: nuclear transcription factor that mediates transcription of nonsteroidal and steroidal ligands
ER𝛼	1.36	0.281	3	1.36	0.281	3	1.48	0.35	3	Estrogen receptor 𝛼: ligand-inducible nuclear transcription factor that mediates estrogen-dependent gene expression in females
AR	2.84	0.20	3	1.271	0.11	3	0.44	0.01	3	Androgen receptor: transcription factor that mediates transcription of genes required for development of male reproductive tissues
Bcl2	2.68	2.68	3	0.85	0.07	3	1.14	0.12	3	B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2: an antiapoptotic protein known to regulate apoptotic pathway and protect against cell death
Bax	9.97	2.13	3	7.64	0.09	3	3.45	0.17	3	Bcl2-associated X-protein: a proapoptotic protein that regulates apoptotic pathway and promotes cell death