The Severity of Autism Is Associated with Toxic Metal Body Burden and Red Blood Cell Glutathione Levels

Table 2

Urinary excretion of toxic metals in Phase 1, at baseline and after 9th dose of DMSA, in mcg/g creatinine. Creatinine values have units of mg/dL. N = 63. The metals are listed in approximate order of effect of DMSA on excretion. Significant results are highlighted in bold font.

Element	Baseline	After 9th dose	After 9th dose versus baseline
Pb	1.3±2.3	9.2±7.8	638% ∗∗∗∗
Sn	2.3±3.4	9.7±24	314% ∗∗
Bi	0.18±0.45	0.41±1.0	128% ∗∗
U	0.015±.04	0.031±.1	111%
Hg	0.86±.92	0.97±0.88	13%
Tl	0.15±0.12	0.21±0.19	42% ∗∗∗
Sb	0.10±0.10	0.14±0.20	42% ∗
W	0.3±0.29	0.46±0.50	18% ∗∗
Al	16±21	19±33	21%
Ni	6.7±5.1	7.6±4.3	12%
Cd	0.38±0.24	0.3±0.23	−14%
As	32±20	25±18	−19% ∗∗
Creatinine	94±52	80±43	−15% ∗∗

^∗𝑃<.1, ^∗∗𝑃<.05, ^∗∗∗𝑃<.01, ^∗∗∗∗𝑃<.001