Journal of Toxicology

Research Article

Shortening and Improving the Embryonic Stem Cell Test through the Use of Gene Biomarkers of Differentiation

Table 3

Biomarkers validation. The capability of the tested biomarkers to assign an embryotoxic potential to chemicals was validated using the linear discriminate functions and the EST protocol criteria according to what Table 2 displays. IC₅₀D3 and ID₅₀3T3 records were obtained from Figure 1, while ID₅₀ was obtained from Figure 2.


		IC₅₀D3	ID₅₀3T3	ID₅₀	Linear discriminant functions
Substance	Gene	(μg/mL)	(μg/mL)	(μg/mL)	I	II	III	CLA

5-FU

	Pnpla6	0.17	0.44	>0.05	−25 + 12ID₅₀	−12 + 4.6ID₅₀	0.37 − 3.4ID₅₀	S
	Afp	0.17	0.44	<0.05	−25 + 12ID₅₀	−12 + 4.6ID₅₀	0.37 − 3.4ID₅₀	S
	Hdac7, Vegfa, Nes	0.17	0.44	0.050	−25	−12	0.18	S
	Flk1	0.17	0.44	NA	—	—	—	NA

DPH

	Nes, Vegfa, Afp	130	97	75	2.6	5.0	−6.6	W
	Pnpla6, Hdac7	130	97	>75	−1.4 + 0.05ID₅₀	3.5 + 0.02ID₅₀	−5.5 − 0.02ID₅₀	W
	Flk1	130	97	NA	—	—	—	NA

Saccharin

	Nes	1850	1640	1000	13	12	−8	NON
	Pnpla6, Hdac7, Vegfa, Flk1, Nes	1850	1640	>1000	10 + 0.003ID₅₀	11 + 0.001ID₅₀	−7.8 − 0.0008ID₅₀	NON
	Afp	1850	1640	NA	—	—	—	NA

CLA: classification of embryotoxicity; S: strong embryotoxicant; W: weak embryotoxicant; NON: nonembryotoxicant; NA: not applicable.