Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing

Figure 2

Botulinum toxin is depicted to disrupt the vicious pathway cycle that delays or prevents the healing of moderate wounds. This cycle involving spasm, pain, diminished blood flow, ischemia, and inflammation is blocked by the inhibition of chemical transmission at neuromuscular junctions by botulinum toxin A [29, 42, 43]. Dashed line is inhibitory action.