Review Article

Drug-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity

Figure 1

Reactive oxygen species: main forms and sources. Reactive oxygen species occur mainly as byproducts of the mitochondrial respiratory chain but can also originate from the activities of NADPH and lipoxygenase. Once released, reactive oxygen species can react with NO leading to the generation of reactive nitrogen species. Molecules with unpaired electron free radicals are shown in red.
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