A 90-Day Oral Toxicological Evaluation of the Methylurate Purine Alkaloid Theacrine
Table 4
Summary of mean body weight.
Group (mg/kg bw/d)
Body weight (g) on days
0
3
7
10
14
17
21
24
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
89
Males
Control
Mean
218.6
239.8
263.6
270.3
290.1
300.5
317.9
326.2
339.6
354.0
372.1
388.1
400.9
408.7
418.8
427.5
432.6
433.6
SD
7.2
7.9
10.0
11.2
12.9
13.9
16.8
15.6
16.8
17.0
18.2
19.5
18.8
18.4
18.8
18.1
19.7
18.9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
180
Mean
218.3
234.8
257.9
268.4
286.4
295.9
312.1
322.0
334.2
353.5
369.8
384.4
399.6
410.5
419.0
428.4
435.5
439.1
SD
7.2
10.9
12.0
12.2
15.5
17.5
15.7
16.0
15.9
18.4
19.4
21.7
21.5
22.1
23.8
24.0
26.1
26.2
±%
0
−2
−2
−1
−1
−2
−2
−1
−2
0
−1
−1
0
0
0
0
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
300
Mean
217.2
227.5
249.1
256.8
273.7
282.1
295.3
305.9
315.7
331.8
345.1
359.4
371.5
381.2
391.8
402.9
403.8
408.7
SD
6.2
9.3
12.0
12.5
14.8
14.8
14.8
16.9
16.9
18.0
23.9
25.2
25.5
26.0
27.0
27.3
28.6
31.7
±%
−1
−5
−6
−5
−6
−6
−7
−6
−7
−6
−7
−7
−7
−7
−6
−6
−7
−6
SS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
375
Mean
217.1
215.4
238.1
248.1
264.0
274.5
289.8
299.1
308.5
320.4
332.5
348.2
359.1
366.1
375.9
386.7
391.9
399.8
SD
5.5
13.4
12.0
11.0
13.3
14.3
14.8
15.9
17.1
16.4
18.3
16.7
20.0
22.9
23.7
25.1
28.2
28.4
±%
−1
−10
−10
−8
−9
−9
−9
−8
−9
−9
−11
−10
−10
−10
−10
−10
−9
−8
SS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Females
Control
Mean
139.8
150.7
163.7
170.6
180.0
185.2
192.2
196.6
202.8
214.4
220.5
226.4
232.9
233.6
239.2
244.9
248.7
250.9
SD
5.5
6.7
7.4
8.8
10.2
11.1
12.0
11.5
13.0
12.0
13.4
13.8
14.3
14.2
14.2
16.2
15.5
17.2
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
180
Mean
140.1
149.2
162.3
171.3
179.6
185.3
194.1
197.7
205.9
215.6
220.9
228.4
235.7
236.8
241.0
245.5
250.1
254.1
SD
5.9
6.1
4.5
5.0
4.8
6.3
8.2
8.4
9.7
11.4
11.9
13.3
14.0
13.9
14.0
14.0
15.6
15.8
±%
0
−1
−1
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
300
Mean
139.4
146.1
160.4
168.2
177.0
183.7
192.8
197.3
206.0
216.4
224.8
232.8
237.1
244.3
245.4
253.5
255.9
258.3
SD
2.0
4.4
4.6
5.8
7.3
7.2
8.4
9.9
9.8
10.8
11.4
13.3
14.5
13.4
15.5
15.7
16.1
17.1
±%
0
−3
−2
−1
−2
−1
0
0
2
1
2
3
2
5
3
4
3
3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
375
Mean
141.0
146.0
158.8
168.8
181.1
187.2
193.6
200.1
208.0
217.5
224.6
233.8
238.5
243.0
246.5
253.1
256.3
261.5
SD
5.2
6.1
6.9
7.6
8.8
7.9
10.5
11.7
11.2
15.9
16.8
16.2
16.5
16.0
19.1
21.1
21.5
23.4
±%
1
−3
−3
−1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
3
2
4
3
3
3
4
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
±%, percent deviation versus control; mg/kg bw/d, milligrams per kilogram body weight per day; SD, standard deviation; g, grams; SS, statistical significance; , number of animals. < 0.05; < 0.01.