Research Article

Toxicological Implications of Platinum Nanoparticle Exposure: Stimulation of Intracellular Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Akt Signaling In Vitro

Figure 4

Activation of the HepG2 inflammatory response. To assess PtNP-dependent inflammatory activation, secretion levels of key proinflammatory cytokines were quantified. Following a 24-hour exposure to varying levels of PtNPs, the media were recovered from the HepG2 culture and underwent analysis for (a) IL-1β, (b) IL-6, (c) IL-8, and (d) TNF-α. Data represents 3 independent trials with denoting statistical significance from untreated controls (p < 0.05).
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