Preliminary Data on the Safety of Phytoene- and Phytofluene-Rich Products for Human Use including Topical Application

Table 4

Reported carotenoid intakes (mg/day) in different countries. Adapted from Maiani et al. (2009) and Biehler et al. (2012).

Country	TI	L + Z	BCR	LYC	ACA	BCA	PT	PTF
Germany	9.37	4.87	0.28	0.75	0.28	3.09	n.r.	n.r.
Denmark	10.10	5.25	0.40	0.71	0.30	3.43	n.r.	n.r.
Italy	15.73	7.09	0.63	2.36	0.47	5.20	n.r.	n.r.
Sweden	7.52	3.61	0.38	0.83	0.23	2.41	n.r.	n.r.
UK	8.65	4.33	0.35	0.78	0.26	2.86	n.r.	n.r.
Greece	20.97	8.39	0.63	4.40	0.84	6.71	n.r.	n.r.
France	13.98	6.99	0.56	1.26	0.42	4.75	n.r.	n.r.
Netherlands	8.76	4.21	0.44	0.88	0.26	2.89	n.r.	n.r.
Spain	12.79	5.76	0.51	1.79	0.38	4.35	n.r.	n.r.
Luxembourg	15.30	1.80	1.40	1.80		7.60	2.00	0.70

L: lutein; Z: zeaxanthin; BCR: β-cryptoxanthin; LYC: lycopene; ACA: α-carotene; BCA: β-carotene; PT: phytoene; PTF: phytofluene; n.r.: not reported; Intake (TI): sum of the individual values of L + Z, BCR, LYC, ACA, and BCA (and also of the levels of PT and PTF in the case of Luxembourg); of the intakes of ACA + BCA.