A Toxicological Evaluation of Mango Leaf Extract (Mangifera indica) Containing 60% Mangiferin

Table 2

Summary of the bacterial reverse mutation test, confirmatory mutation test.

Confirmatory Mutation Test (Preincubation Test)
Concentrations (μg/plate)	Salmonella typhimurium tester strains																Escherichia coli
	TA 98				TA 100				TA 1535				TA 1537				WP2uvrA
	-S9		+S9		-S9		+S9		-S9		+S9		-S9		+S9		-S9		+S9
Mean values of revertants per plate mutation rate (MR)	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR
Untreated Control	22.7	0.86	29.3	0.96	93.3	1.36	99.3	1.24	10.0	0.97	9.7	0.94	7.3	0.92	5.7	1.00	36.7	1.12	35.7	0.85
DMSO Control	26.3	1.00	30.7	1.00	68.7	1.00	80.3	1.00	10.3	1.00	10.3	1.00	8.0	1.00	5.7	1.00	32.7	1.00	42.0	1.00
Ultrapure Water Control	–	–	–	–	75.0	1.00	–	–	9.7	1.00	–	–	–	–	–	–	34.3	1.00	–	–
5000	20.8	0.79	53.0	1.73	71.5	1.04	89.7	1.12	12.7	1.23	9.8	0.95	0.2	0.02	10.5	1.85	31.0	0.95	30.8	0.73
1600	19.3	0.73	36.3	1.18	68.3	1.00	75.7	0.94	11.3	1.10	11.3	1.10	3.7	0.46	4.0	0.71	32.7	1.00	37.0	0.88
500	18.3	0.70	24.0	0.78	79.7	1.16	70.3	0.88	13.7	1.32	10.0	0.97	6.0	0.75	8.3	1.47	39.0	1.19	42.3	1.01
160	17.3	0.66	33.3	1.09	79.3	1.16	76.3	0.95	12.3	1.19	8.7	0.84	9.7	1.21	7.3	1.29	42.3	1.30	34.3	0.82
50	25.3	0.96	37.0	1.21	80.3	1.17	95.3	1.19	15.3	1.48	10.0	0.97	8.0	1.00	7.3	1.29	35.7	1.09	44.3	1.06
16	25.0	0.95	32.3	1.05	85.0	1.24	104.0	1.29	11.3	1.10	12.3	1.19	7.3	0.92	8.3	1.47	31.3	0.96	43.7	1.04
NPD (4 μg)	493.3	18.73	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
SAZ (2 μg)	–	–	–	–	1110.7	14.81	–	–	1045.3	108.14	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
9AA (50 μg)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	372.0	46.50	–	–	–	–	–	–
MMS (2 μL)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	933.0	27.17	–	–
2AA (2 μg)	–	–	1434.7	46.78	–	–	1120.0	13.94	–	–	109.0	10.55	–	–	120.3	21.24	–	–	–	–
2AA (50 μg)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	192.7	4.59

2AA: 2-aminoanthracene; 9AA: 9-aminoacridine; MMS: methyl methanesulfonate; MR: mutation rate; NPD: 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine; SAZ: sodium azide.
DMSO was the vehicle of the test item and positive control substances: NPD, 9AA, and 2AA; ultrapure water was the vehicle for the SAZ and MMS. The mutation rates of the test item, untreated, and positive controls were calculated using the data from their respective vehicle controls.