Allium cepa Bio Assay to Assess the Water and Sediment Cytogenotoxicity in a Tropical Stream Subjected to Multiple Point and Nonpoint Source Pollutants

Table 1

Spatial variation of water quality parameters in sampling sites during the study period. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results indicated by different superscript letters in each row are significantly different from each other (ANOVA, Tukey’s test, p < 0.05, n=10).

	site A	site B	site C	site D	site E	site F
Water pH	6.89 ± 0.	6.42 ± 0.	6.15 ± 0.	6.17 ± 0.	6.00 ± 0.	5.94 ± 0.
Water Conductivity (µS/cm)	4457 ± 83	1630 ± 30	90.60 ± 3.3	75.71 ± 1.3	68.94 ± 2.3	70.61 ± 1.9
Temperature (°C)	31.07 ± 0.	31.98 ± 0.	32.06 ± 0.	31.92 ± 0.	29.44 ± 0.	29.52 ± 0.
Water TDS (mg/L)	2375 ± 45	740 ± 14	44.58 ± 1.8	35.73 ± 0.5	32.01 ± 1.1	32.97 ± 0.9
Water DO (mg/L)	7.17 ± 0.7	6.34 ± 0.6	4.00 ± 0.3	4.28 ± 0.4	5.54 ± 0.1	6.19 ± 0.0
Water Nitrate (mg/L)	0.55 ± 0.0	0.39 ± 0.0	0.43 ± 0.0	0.40 ± 0.0	0.32 ± 0.0	0.37 ± 0.0
Water Phosphate (mg/L)	0.044 ± 0.00	0.082 ± 0.01	0.052 ± 0.00	0.050 ± 0.00	0.038 ± 0.00	0.043 ± 0.00
Water BOD5 (mg/L)	1.44 ± 0.1	1.30 ± 0.1	1.18 ± 0.1	1.87 ± 0.2	1.77 ± 0.3	1.28 ± 0.1
Water COD (mg/L)	111.0 ± 10.	71.0 ± 9.	81.8 ± 7.	267.1 ± 56.	66.2 ± 11.	62.0 ± 11.
Water Salinity (^0/00)	2.44 ± 0.46	0.86 ± 0.17	0.04 ± 0.00	0.04 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.00