A Toxicological Evaluation of Germanium Sesquioxide (Organic Germanium)

Table 2

Summary of the bacterial reverse mutation test, confirmatory mutation test.

Confirmatory mutation test (preincubation test)
Concentrations (μg/plate)	Salmonella typhimurium tester strains																Escherichia coli
	TA 98				TA 100				TA 1535				TA 1537				WP2 uvrA
	−S9		+S9		−S9		+S9		−S9		+S9		−S9		+S9		−S9		+S9
Mean values of revertants per plate mutation rate (MR)	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR	Mean	MR
Untreated control	19.0	0.86	32.3	1.01	93.7	1.16	112.0	1.10	9.7	1.00	11.7	0.85	7.7	0.96	7.7	0.70	29.3	0.73	41.7	1.08
DMSO control	21.7	1.00	30.7	1.00	—	—	91.7	1.00	—	—	10.3	1.00	7.3	1.00	6.7	1.00	—	—	39.7	1.00
Ultrapure water control (100 μL)	—	—	—	—	92.0	1.00	—	—	9.3	1.00	—	—	—	—	—	—	30.7	1.00	—	—
Ultrapure water control (250 μL)	22.0	1.00	32.0	1.00	81.0	1.00	102.0	1.00	9.7	1.00	13.7	1.00	8.0	1.00	11.0	1.00	40.3	1.00	38.7	1.00
5000	27.0	1.23	30.7	0.96	92.7	1.14	104.0	1.02	12.0	1.24	15.3	1.12	6.7	0.83	8.7	0.79	40.3	1.00	64.7	1.67
1600	27.7	1.26	31.0	0.97	86.3	1.07	93.0	0.91	9.3	0.97	14.7	1.07	7.7	0.96	9.7	0.88	32.3	0.80	50.7	1.31
500	29.7	1.35	30.7	0.96	83.7	1.03	94.0	0.92	13.7	1.41	10.3	0.76	7.0	0.88	9.0	0.82	33.7	0.83	49.3	1.28
160	28.0	1.27	19.3	0.60	84.3	1.04	97.7	0.96	10.0	1.03	12.3	0.90	7.0	0.88	10.3	0.94	33.0	0.82	55.0	1.42
50	23.0	1.05	24.3	0.76	86.0	1.06	102.3	1.00	9.3	0.97	14.3	1.05	9.7	1.21	11.3	1.03	33.7	0.83	46.7	1.21
16	21.0	0.95	27.7	0.86	94.7	1.17	104.3	1.02	7.7	0.79	11.3	0.83	8.0	1.00	8.7	0.79	37.7	0.93	41.3	1.07
NPD (4 μg)	386.7	17.85	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
SAZ (2 μg)	—	—	—	—	981.3	10.67	–	–	1053.3	112.86	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
9AA (50 μg)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	570.0	77.73	—	—	—	—	—	—
MMS (2 μL)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	936.0	30.52	—	—
2AA (2 μg)	—	—	1018.7	33.22	—	—	2154.7	23.51	—	—	149.0	14.42	—	—	149.7	22.45	—	—	—	—
2AA (50 μg)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	170.0	4.29

Abbreviations: 2AA: 2-aminoanthracene; 9AA: 9-Aminoacridine; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; MMS: Methyl-methanesulfonate; MR: Mutation Rate; NPD: 4-Nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine; S-9, metabolic activation; SAZ: sodium azide; DMSO was the vehicle of the positive control substances: NPD, 9AA and 2AA; ultrapure water was the vehicle of the test item and for SAZ and MMS. The mutation rates of the test item, untreated, and positive controls were calculated using the data from their respective vehicle controls.