Research Article

Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

Table 1

Spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of wastewater collected from treated textile effluent discharge canal during the rainy season.

ParameterSite ASite BSite CSite D

pH8.50 ± 0.06a7.79 ± 0.12a7.80 ± 0.02a6.90 ± 0.01b
Temperature (°C)31.1 ± 0.3a29.4 ± 0.1b29.4 ± 0.1b28.5 ± 0.1b
Conductivity (μS/cm)9263.3 ± 64.4a925 ± 175b916 ± 119b414.00 ± 5.01c
TDS (mg/L)5061.1 ± 32.6a456.4 ± 88.8b450 ± 59.7b199.54 ± 2.31c
DO (mg/L)2.33 ± 0.28a2.82 ± 0.23a2.64 ± 0.14a5.73 ± 0.22b
Salinity (‰)4.49 ± 0.03a0.45 ± 0.09b0.44 ± 0.06b0.20 ± 0.00c
BOD5 (mg/L)30 ± 1.2a10 ± 0.6b9 ± 0.2b4 ± 0.1c
COD (mg/L)503 ± 15a60 ± 3b62 ± 12b35 ± 10b
Ammoniacal-N (mg/l)3.1 ± 0.2a2.3 ± 0.1b2.2 ± 0.0b2.1 ± 0.1b
Zn46.5 ± 6.2a38.6 ± 5.3b29.6 ± 4.2b7.5 ± 3.1c
Cu11 ± 2.1a8.9 ± 3.1b7.5 ± 2.1b2.2 ± 0.8c
Colour intensities (m−1)436 nm11.0 ± 0.1a4.2 ± 0.1b4.1 ± 0.4b3.1 ± 0.2c
525 nm5.5 ± 0.3a3.2 ± 0.0b3.0 ± 0.1b2.4 ± 0.1c
620 nm3.8 ± 0.4a2.1 ± 0.0b1.8 ± 0.1b1.7 ± 0.1b

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results indicated by different superscript letters in each row are significantly different from each other (n = 8, ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: effluent discharge point, site B: 100 m downstream from site A, site C: 200 m downstream from site A, and site D: 100 m upstream from site A.