Chromosomal Abnormalities in Allium cepa Induced by Treated Textile Effluents: Spatial and Temporal Variations

Table 2

Spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of wastewater collected from treated textile effluent discharge canal during the dry season.

Parameter		Site A	Site B	Site C	Site D
pH		9.06 ± 0.02^a	6.96 ± 0.1^b	6.82 ± 0.07^b	6.74 ± 0.02^b
Temperature (°C)		33.1 ± 0.3^a	31.1 ± 0.2^b	31.1 ± 0.1^b	29.7 ± 0.4^b
Conductivity (μS/cm)		9503 ± 100^a	4457.8 ± 60^b	4432.2 ± 45.3^b	436.67 ± 5.53^c
TDS (mg/L)		5191.10 ± 62.1^a	2345.6 ± 30.9^b	2554.4 ± 98.5^b	207.58 ± 3.89^c
DO (mg/L)		2.30 ± 0.21^a	2.47 ± 0.17^a	2.59 ± 0.15^a	5.65 ± 0.09^b
Salinity (‰)		4.59 ± 0.04^a	2.16 ± 0.03^b	2.15 ± 0.02^b	0.21 ± 0.00^c
BOD5 (mg/L)		36 ± 0.9^a	12 ± 0.3^b	10 ± 0.2^b	6 ± 0.3^c
COD (mg/L)		673 ± 37^a	269 ± 6^b	255 ± 6^b	176 ± 16^c
Ammoniacal-N (mg/l)		3.2 ± 0.1^a	2.9 ± 0.0^ab	2.3 ± 0.0^b	2.4 ± 0.0^b
Zn		42.5 ± 3.5^a	39.6 ± 6.2^a	26.6 ± 3.6^b	8.5 ± 2.1^c
Cu		10.9 ± 1.1^a	8.7 ± 1.2^b	8.5 ± 3.1^b	2.6 ± 0.5^c
Colour intensities (m^−1)	436 nm	16.2 ± 0.1^a	11.4 ± 0.4^b	9.5 ± 0.1^c	8.9 ± 0.1^c
	525 nm	8.6 ± 0.1^a	5.8 ± 0.3^b	4.5 ± 0.1^c	4.4 ± 0.1^c
	620 nm	4.5 ± 0.1^a	2.7 ± 0.2^b	2.3 ± 0.0^b	1.9 ± 0.1^c

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results indicated by different superscript letters in each row are significantly different from each other (n = 8, ANOVA, Tukey’s test, ). Site A: effluent discharge point; site B: 100 m downstream from site A, site C: 200 m downstream from site A, and site D: 100 m upstream from site A.