Water Quality and Anopheles gambiae Larval Tolerance to Pyrethroids in the Cities of Douala and Yaoundé (Cameroon)
Table 1
Physicochemical characteristics of breeding sites sampled in Douala and Yaoundé.
Yaoundé
Douala
Parameters
Cultivated
Nonpolluted
Polluted
value
Nonpolluted
Polluted
value
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Aluminium
17
0.09 (0.06)
24
0.06 (0.01)
22
0.07 (0.02)
0.35
22
0.07 (0.03)
18
0.03 (0.01)
0.21
Ammonia
17
1.81 (0.73)
24
1.16 (0.29)
22
3.04 (1.01)
0.09
22
0.58 (0.26)
19
0.66 (0.21)
0.82
Conductivity
17
480.14 (73.35)
24
502.90 (64.30)
22
1027.87 (183.86)
0.002
22
334.34 (58.11)
19
657.81 (175.09)
0.11
Iron
17
3.44 (0.46)
24
6.75 (0.40)
22
9.46 (1.32)
0.000
22
3.91 (0.42)
19
5.62 (0.65)
0.03
Nitrates
17
5.25 (1.49)
24
6.41 (1.43)
22
6.88 (2.36)
0.408
22
4.73 (1.40)
19
5.06 (1.13)
0.86
Dissolve oxygen
15
6.80 (1.02)
18
6.93 (0.59)
7
5.89 (1.57)
0.786
19
135.36 (12.55)
19
98.08 (15.33)
0.07
Phosphates
2
0.57 (0.25)
6
1.56 (0.96)
19
2.16 (0.72)
0.72
22
8.94 (2.55)
19
29.71 (8.43)
0.06
Potassium
17
17.17 (3.09)
24
22.52 (3.38)
22
51.94 (12)
0.000
16
5.71 (1.20)
18
9.34 (1.60)
0.08
Temperature
15
31.47 (0.85)
18
29.35 (0.59)
7
31.03 (1.01)
0.102
22
32.96 (0.50)
19
32.27 (0.72)
0.43
Total hardness
17
76.77 (13.91)
24
86.67 (13.02)
22
118.86 (21.64)
0.5
—
—
—
—
—
: sample size, mean: average concentration (in mg/L) of physicochemical parameters in breeding sites, SE: standard error, value significant if , in bold significant values.
