Research Article
Atherogenic Risk Assessment among Persons Living in Rural Uganda
Table 1
Sociodemographic, clinical, physical, and biochemical characteristics of cohort by gender.
| | | All participants | Sex | | | (%) | Male, (%) | Female, (%) |
| | All | 7507 | 3378 | 4129 |
| | Demographic characteristics | | | | | Age, in years | | | | | 13–29 | 3679 (49.0) | 1804 (53.4) | 1875 (45.4) | | 30–59 | 2978 (39.7) | 1226 (36.3) | 1752 (42.4) | | 60+ | 850 (11.3) | 348 (10.3) | 502 (12.2) | | Urbanicity score | | | | | Quartile 1 (least urban) | 1978 (26.4) | 884 (26.2) | 1094 (26.5) | | Quartile 2 | 1893 (25.2) | 848 (25.1) | 1045 (25.3) | | Quartile 3 | 1946 (25.9) | 888 (26.3) | 1058 (25.6) | | Quartile 4 (most urban) | 1690 (22.5) | 758 (22.4) | 932 (22.6) | | Highest education level | | | | | None/up to P4 | 2112 (28.1) | 876 (25.9) | 1236 (29.9) | | P5–P7 | 3365 (44.8) | 1579 (46.7) | 1786 (43.3) | | Secondary+ | 2030 (27.0) | 923 (27.3) | 1107 (26.8) | | Occupation | | | | | Subsistence crop | 2975 (39.6) | 1102 (32.6) | 1873 (45.4) | | Cash crop cultivator | 934 (12.4) | 491 (14.5) | 443 (10.7) | | Noncrop | 1043 (13.9) | 625 (18.5) | 418 (10.1) | | Unemployed/full-time education | 2555 (34.0) | 1160 (34.3) | 1395 (33.8) | | Marital status | | | | | Not married/divorced | 3861 (51.5) | 1842 (54.6) | 2019 (48.9) | | Married/living | 3638 (48.5) | 1532 (45.4) | 2106 (51.1) |
| | Lifestyle characteristics | | | | | Smoking | | | | | Never smoked | 6747 (89.9) | 2707 (80.1) | 4040 (97.8) | | Ever smoked daily | 760 (10.1) | 671 (19.9) | 89 (2.2) | | Alcohol consumption | | | | | Never drinker | 4844 (64.5) | 2032 (60.2) | 2812 (68.1) | | Ex-drinker | 583 (7.8) | 235 (7.0) | 348 (8.4) | | Current drinker | 2080 (27.7) | 1111 (32.9) | 969 (23.5) |
| | Biophysical characteristics | | | | | BMI group | | | | | Underweight (<18.5) | 1701 (22.7) | 1022 (30.3) | 679 (16.4) | | Normal (18.5–24.9) | 4878 (65.0) | 2179 (64.5) | 2699 (65.4) | | Overweight (≥25) | 730 (9.7) | 156 (4.6) | 574 (13.9) | | Obese | 198 (2.6) | 21 (0.6) | 177 (4.3) | | Waist-hip ratio (WHR) | | | | | Normal (≤0.95-m, ≤0.80-f) | 4440 (59.1) | 3257 (96.4) | 1183 (28.7) | | Abnormal (>0.95-m, >0.80-f) | 3067 (40.9) | 121 (3.6) | 2946 (71.3) |
| | Biochemical characteristics | | | | | Total cholesterol | | | | | Desirable (≤5.2 mmol/L) | 7084 (94.4) | 3270 (96.8) | 3814 (92.4) | | High (>5.2 mmol/L) | 423 (5.6) | 108 (3.2) | 315 (7.6) | | Triglycerides | | | | | Desirable (≤2.3 mmol/L) | 7190 (95.8) | 3261 (96.5) | 3929 (95.2) | | High (>2.3 mmol/L) | 317 (4.2) | 117 (3.5) | 200 (4.8) | | LDL-C | | | | | Desirable (≤3.4 mmol/L) | 7134 (95.0) | 3286 (97.3) | 3848 (93.2) | | High (>3.4 mmol/L) | 373 (5.0) | 92 (2.7) | 281 (6.8) | | HDL-C | | | | | Desirable (≥1.04-m, 1.3-f) | 1940 (25.8) | 1127 (33.4) | 813 (19.7) | | Undesirable (<1.04-m, 1.3-f), low | 5567 (74.2) | 2251 (66.6) | 3316 (80.3) | | HbA1-C | | | | | Normal (≤6%) | 7469 (99.7) | 3359 (99.8) | 4110 (99.7) | | Raised (≥6.5%) | 19 (0.3) | 7 (0.2) | 12 (0.3) |
| | Clinical characteristics | | | | | Hypertension status | | | | | Normal BP | 6163 (82.1) | 2799 (82.9) | 3364 (81.5) | | Normal BP on treatment | 173 (2.3) | 56 (1.7) | 117 (2.8) | | Raised on treatment | 119 (1.6) | 31 (0.9) | 88 (2.1) | | Raised BP, not on treatment | 1050 (14.0) | 492 (14.6) | 558 (13.5) | | HIV/ART status | | | | | Negative | 6821 (92.0) | 3103 (93.5) | 3718 (90.7) | | Positive, on ART | 201 (2.7) | 63 (1.9) | 138 (3.4) | | Positive, not on ART | 396 (5.3) | 152 (4.6) | 244 (6.0) | | Atherogenic risk | | | | | Low (<0.1) | 4341 (57.8) | 1878 (55.6) | 2463 (59.7) | | Intermediate (0.1–0.24) | 1259 (16.8) | 583 (17.3) | 676 (16.4) | | High (>0.24) | 1907 (25.4) | 917 (27.1) | 990 (24.0) |
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Riha et al. 2014 [26].
8 missing pieces of information.
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