Research Article
Atherogenic Risk Assessment among Persons Living in Rural Uganda
Table 2
Factors associated with high atherogenic risk.
| | Covariates | High atherogenic risk | Crude OR | | Adjusted OR | Overall value | | (%) | b/ci95 |
| | Hypertension status | | | | | | | Normal BP (≤140/90 mmHg) () | 1538 (25.0) | 1 | 0.022 | 1 | 0.007 | | Normal BP on treatment () | 53 (30.6) | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) | | 1.32 (0.98–1.79) | | | Raised BP (≥140/90 mmHg) on treatment () | 36 (30.3) | 1.51 (1.08–2.11) | | 1.53 (1.07–2.18) | | | Raised BP not on treatment () | 280 (26.7) | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | | 1.17 (1.00–1.37) | |
| | Sex | | | | | | | Male () | 917 (27.1) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | Female () | 990 (24.0) | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | | 0.57 (0.50–0.66) | |
| | Age, in years | | | | | | | 13–29 () | 980 (26.6) | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | 30–59 () | 727 (24.4) | 0.88 (0.80–0.97) | | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | | | 60+ () | 200 (23.5) | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) | | 0.71 (0.58–0.87) | |
| | Urbanicity score | | | | | | | Quartile 1 (least urban) () | 488 (24.7) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.018 | | Quartile 2 () | 535 (28.3) | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | | 1.16 (1.02–1.31) | | | Quartile 3 () | 473 (24.3) | 0.94 (0.83–1.07) | | 0.96 (0.85–1.09) | | | Quartile 4 (very urban) () | 411 (24.3) | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | |
| | Highest education level | | | | | | | None/up to p4 () | 596 (28.2) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | P5–P7 () | 880 (26.2) | 0.85 (0.77–0.95) | | 0.81 (0.73–0.91) | | | Secondary+ () | 431 (21.2) | 0.66 (0.58–0.76) | | 0.64 (0.55–0.74) | |
| | Cigarette consumption | | | | | | | Never smokers () | 1718 (25.5) | 1 | 0.992 | 1 | 0.471 | | Ever smokers () | 189 (24.9) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | | 0.94 (0.79–1.11) | |
| | Alcohol consumption | | | | | | | Never drinkers () | 1276 (26.3) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | Ex-drinkers () | 155 (26.6) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | | | Current drinkers () | 476 (22.9) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) | |
| | HIV/ART status | | | | | | | Negative () | 1711 (25.1) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | Positive, on ART () | 33 (16.4) | 0.54 (0.39–0.73) | | 0.57 (0.41–0.78) | | | Positive, not on ART () | 133 (33.6) | 1.62 (1.34–1.96) | | 1.76 (1.45–2.13) | |
| | BMI category | | | | | | | Underweight () | 459 (27.0) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | Normal () | 1177 (24.1) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | | 0.98 (0.87–1.10) | | | Overweight () | 197 (27.0) | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | | 1.29 (1.07–1.55) | | | Obese () | 74 (37.4) | 1.70 (1.29–2.24) | | 2.08 (1.55–2.79) | |
| | Waist-hip ratio | | | | | | | Normal, ≤0.95-m, ≤0.80-f () | 1065 (24.0) | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | | Abnormal, >0.95-m, >0.80-f () | 842 (27.5) | 1.17 (1.07–1.28) | | 1.55 (1.36–1.77) | |
| | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | | | | | | | Desirable (≤5.2) () | 1814 (25.6) | 1 | 0.291 | 1 | 0.359 | | High (>5.2) () | 93 (22.0) | 0.90 (0.74–1.09) | | 0.91 (0.74–1.12) | |
| | HbA1-C | | | | | | | Normal ≤6% () | 1891 (25.3) | 1 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.014 | | Raised ≥6.5% () | 11 (57.9) | 3.65 (1.49–8.93) | | 3.17 (1.27–7.96) | |
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High atherogenic risk versus intermediate and low risk.
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