Interrelationship between Climatic, Ecologic, Social, and Cultural Determinants Affecting Dengue Emergence and Transmission in Puerto Rico and Their Implications for Zika Response

Table 2

Summary of results on the effects of climatic, ecological, and social and cultural conditions on dengue transmission.

Risk factors for increased vector density (larvae/pupae abundance and productivity)
	Source
Preadult & adult niche/habitat requirements: containers
Water temperature	Barrera 2009
Water temperature; Rainfall; Container type; artificial: buckets, plastic sheets, pots; Vegetation; trees, leaf litter, algae	Barrera et al. 2006
Container type; discarded: toys, auto parts, storage, covers, recreational, water storage, cleaning, ornamental, pans	Barrera et al. 2006
Container type; unattended/discarded: utensils, implements, plastic covers, plastic tools; Location; large lots with abundance of trees	Barrera et al. 2006
Preadult & adult niche/habitat requirements: landscape elements
Terrestrial environment: level of tree coverage; proximity & density level of host population; water temperature	Cox et al. 2007
Housing distribution: location: urban versus rural; relative population density; host movement patterns	Harrington et al. 2005
Preadult & adult niche/habitat requirements: underground aquatic habitats
Septic tanks (STs): condition: uncovered, cracked, incomplete seal; location: suburban or rural	Barrera et al. 2008
ST environment: temperature; humidity; degree of solid waste; condition	Burke et al. 2010
ST maintenance level: lack of access to public sewage system; collection with rain water	MacKay et al. 2009