|
| PEX for patients with leptospirosis related pulmonary hemorrhages |
|
| Reference | Level of evidence | Complications of disease | Treatment used | Other complications | Outcome |
|
| Chen Y et al [15] | Case report - coinfection with scrub typhus | Pulmonary hemorrhage, acute renal failure | 8 cycles PEX and
corticosteroids | Active upper gastrointestinal bleeding | Discharged after 6 weeks of hospitalization |
|
| Dursun B et al [16] | Case report | Pulmonary hemorrhage, renal failure | 9 PEX, corticosteroids | | Recovered |
|
| Trivedi SV et al [17] | Nonrandomized nonparallel clinical trial, 2 groups sequentially recruited | Only mild cases (ALI score <2.5) were included | PEX | | Control group - 5/30 patients (16.6%) survived
Treatment group - PEX & CPP 70/114 patients (61.4%) survived |
|
| PEX when pulmonary hemorrhage was not present or not clearly mentioned |
|
| Landini et al [18] | Case series of 6 patients
| Hyperbilirubinemia and hemorrhagic manifestations (not specified) | PEX | | Improvement of hepatorenal function, hemorrhagic state and coma grade |
|
| Bourquin V et al [19] | Case report | Multiorgan dysfunction (acute kidney injury, liver failure, myocarditis, thrombocytopenia) | PEX, CRRT, high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) | Penicillin-resistant enterococcus bacteremia, dry necrosis of both extremities, transient pacing, several respiratory arrests, severe CMV colitis requiring sigmoidectomy and ganciclovir | ICU 45 days and discharged after 70 days |
|
| Taylor et al [20] | Case report | Multiorgan dysfunction (hemoptysis with acute respiratory failure, marked hyperbilirubinemia with fulminant liver failure, AKI, AF, shock) | 2 PEX, CRRT, corticosteroids | | Recovered. CRRT stopped after 9 days |
|
| Tse KC et al [21] | Case report | Severe conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with liver failure, acute renal failure, CXR - diffuse
bilateral pulmonary infiltrates | PEX | | Recovered |
|
| Cerdas-Quesada C et al [22] | Case report | Hyperbilirubinemia, liver failure, acute kidney injury, CXR - diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates | 5 PEX | | Recovered |
|
| Yesilbas O et al [23] | Case report | Cardiac arrest, pericardial tamponade, renal failure, macrophage
activation syndrome, later suffered prolonged jaundice
and sclerosing cholangitis | PEX, continuous
venovenous hemofiltration (CVVHF) | | Recovered, transferred to ward after 62 days in ICU |
|
| Siriwanij T et al [24] | Case series | 10 patients’ lung crepitations, 2 patients had hemoptysis, hyperbilirubinemia, transaminitis, renal failure | PEX or continuous venovenous
hemofiltration (CVVH) | | All recovered |
|
