Prevalence of Human Bocavirus in Africa and Other Developing Countries between 2005 and 2016: A Potential Emerging Viral Pathogen for Diarrhea

Table 2

Human Bocavirus studies in other developing countries between 20005 and 2016.

Country	Study period	Setting	Age range	Sampled population	Tested samples	Positive samples ()	Hospitalized	Outpatient	Sample type	Symptoms	Detection method	HBoV type	Reference
Argentina, Nicaragua and Peru	-	-	< 6 years	children	568	132 (23%)	568	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real time PCR	1	[77]
Brazil	2007	Rural	<3 years	children	260	27 (10.4)	260	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real-time PCR	1	[121]
Cambodia	2009-2010	-	All	Children/adults	292	9 (3%)	292	-	Throat swabs, nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Multiplex real-time PCR	1	[85]
China	2012	Peri-urban	≤ 5 years	children	122	-	-	-	Stool	Diarrhea	Multiplex real-time PCR	1	[91]
	2009-2014	-	All	Children/adults	12502	225 (2%)	12502	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[92]
	2009-2014	Urban	<14 years	children	4242	125 (3%)	4242	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real time PCR	1	[98]
	2012-2013	Urban	< 6 years	children	346	60 (17.34%)	346	-	Stool	Diarrhea	PCR	1,2	[94]
India	2010-2011	Rural/Peri-urban	0–6 years	children	300	2 (0.6 %)	300	-	Throat swabs	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[106]
Jordan	2003-2004	Urban	≤ 5 years	children	326	57 (17%)	326	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	Real time PCR	1	[108]
Philippines	2008-2009	Urban	8 days to 13 years	children	1242	2 (0.16)	1242	-	Nasal	Respiratory tract infection	PCR	1	[114]