Review Article

Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium in Snail Intermediate Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Table 1

Characteristic of the 51 eligible studies and pooled prevalences of S. mansoni and S. haematobium among freshwater snails in Africa included in this meta-analysis.

AuthorYearCountrySnail speciesSnails examined (n)Infected snailsTotalSchistosoma speciesQuality score
Cercaria shedding (n)Prevalence (%)Screened by PCRPositive (n)Prevalence (%)Infected snails (n)Prevalence (%)

Sturrock et al. [39]1979KenyaB. pfeifferi938656.93656.93S. mansoni7
King et al. [30]1982EgyptBullines spp.431290.2190.21S. haematobium8
Lwambo [60]1988TanzaniaB. nasutus176461560.881560.88S. haematobium9
Gryseels [21]1991BurundiB. pfeifferi291992490.852490.85S. mansoni9
Bado et al. [40]1997MaliB. truncatus266--266228.30228.3S. haematobium8
B. globosus9077.8077.80S. haematobium
Kariuki et al. [37]2004KenyaB. nasutus110001221.201221.20S. haematobium8
Kazibwe et al. [66]2006UgandaB. stanleyi217159494.409494.40S. mansoni9
B. sudanica84522963.502963.50S. mansoni
Hussien et al. [29]2007EgyptB. alexandrina2070100.48100.48S. mansoni8
Labbo et al. [43]2007NigerB. forskalii945050.0550.05S. haematobium8
B. truncatus271255091.905091.90S. haematobium
Hussien et al. [25]2008EgyptB. truncatus837141.67141.67S. haematobium7
Odongo-Aginya et al. [64]2008UgandaB. choanomphala91941641.781641.78S. mansoni9
B. pfeifferi4173751.79751.79S. mansoni
Ayanda [47]2009NigeriaB. globosus3927218.377218.37S. haematobium7
B. pfeifferi2565220.315220.31S. mansoni
Ibikounlé et al. [19]2009BeninB. pfeifferi35720.5620.56S. mansoni8
Zongo et al. [20]2009Burkina FasoB. truncatus2727.4027.40S. haematobium7
Akinwale et al. [53]2011NigeriaB. truncatus1381384129.704129.70S. haematobium7
Lotf et al. [26]2011EgyptB. alexandrina277176.10176.10S. mansoni7
Mengistu et al. [34]2011EthiopiaBiomphalaria spp.56032558.0032558.00S. mansoni7
Opisa et al. [38]2011KenyaB. pfeifferi42571.6071.60S. mansoni9
B. sudanica40771.7071.70S. mansoni
B. globosus22752.2052.20S. haematobium
Abe et al. [50]2012NigeriaB. truncatus562544.642544.64S. haematobium7
Iboh et al. [48]2012NigeriaB. globosus1201310.801310.80S. haematobium8
Mekonnen et al. [35]2012EthiopiaB. pfeifferi8022.5022.50S. mansoni7
Kinanpara [23]2013Côte d’IvoireB. globosus1892312.172312.17S. haematobium7
B pfeifferi1409251.77251.77S. mansoni
Alebie et al. [31]2014EthiopiaB. pfeifferi3013210.603210.60S. mansoni7
Angelo et al. [62]2014TanzaniaB. sudanica1470110.75110.75S. mansoni8
Ivoke et al. [49]2014NigeriaB. globosus3086220.106220.10S. haematobium8
Moser et al. [22]2014ChadB. truncatus411910.8010.02S. haematobium8
B. pfeifferi10810.9010.90S, mansoni
Akinwale et al. [54]2015NigeriaB. globosus1091093834.803834.80S. haematobium9
B. forskalii2222836.40836.40S. haematobium
B. camerunensis77457.00457.00S. haematobium
B. senegalensis1111218.20218.20S. haematobium
Amsalu et al. [33]2015EthiopiaB. pfeifferi3113.2013.20S. mansoni7
Bado et al. [41]2015MaliB. truncatus324113.40113.40S. haematobium8
B. pfeifferi18921.1021.10S. mansoni
Gashaw et al. [32]2015EthiopiaB. pfeifferi14214.30214.30S. mansoni7
Rowel et al., [67]2015UgandaBiomphalaria spp193551270.701270.70S. mansoni9
Senghor [55]2015SenegalB. senegalensis733380.1180.11S. haematobium9
B. umbilicatus339226.51226.51S. haematobium
Aboelhadid et al. [27]2016EgyptB. alexandrina8222222.80222.68S. mansoni7
B. truncatus42392.1092.10S. haematobium
Farghaly et al. [28]2016EgyptB. alexandrina40030.8400133.3133.3S. mansoni9
Mohammed et al. [57]2016SudamB. truncatus140320.1020.10S. haematobium9
B. pfeifferi5100821.60821.60S. mansoni
Pennance [63]2016TanzaniaB. globosus1111262.30262.30S. haematobium8
Alemayehu et al. [36]2017EthiopiaB. pfeifferi11176.3076.30S. mansoni8
Allan et al. [18]2017AngolaB. globosus1732514.502514.50S. haematobium8
Bakuza et al. [69]2017TanzaniaB. pfeifferi2352912.3021910347.0010343.8S. mansoni8
Gouvras et al. [61]2017TanzaniaB. sudanica35,9104391.214391.21S. mansoni7
B. choanomphala6906610.88610.88S. mansoni
Okeke and Ubachukwu [52]2017NigeriaB. pfeifferi460204.30204.30S. mansoni8
Stanton et al. [65]2017UgandaBiomphalaria spp.49951.001182218.64275.4S. mansoni8
Aliyu et al. [51]2018NigeriaB. pfeifferi59215626.0015626.00S. mansoni8
B. truncatus5942142123.90142123.90S. haematobium
B. globosus8894216624.30216624.30S. haematobium
Afiukwa et al. [46]2019NigeriaB. globosus1773419.203419.20S. haematobium8
B. truncatus1061817.001817.00S. haematobium
Okeke et al. [45]2019NigeriaB. pfeifferi212--212167.45167.45S. mansoni8
Peletu et al. [44]2019NigeriaB. globosus11254.5054.50S. haematobium9
Rabone et al. [42]2019NigerB. forskalii11989240.20240.20S. haematobium9
B. pfeifferi2290793.40793.40S. mansoni
Tian-Bi et al. [24]2019Côte d’IvoireB. truncatus177220.1020.10S. haematobium9
B. globosus24752.0052.00S. haematobium
Catalano et al. [56]2020SenegalB. pfeifferi40792.2092.20S. mansoni7
Fuss et al. [59]2020TanzaniaB. sudanica78878827935.4027935.4S. mansoni9
Mutsaka-Makuvaza et al. [68]2020ZimbabweB. globosus1542301.90301.90S. haematobium9