Review Article

Do Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals Influence Foetal Development during Pregnancy?

Table 2

Thyroid-disrupting properties of polychlorinated biphenyls in human studies on pregnant women, neonates, infants, adolescents, and adults.

YearAuthorNSubjectsEffectReference

1994Koopman-Esseboom et al.105Pregnant women TT3 TT4[62]
105Infants TSH at 2 weeks and 3 months
2005Takser et al.101Pregnant women TT3 TSH[58]
92Cord bloodNo effect
2008Wilhelm et al.165Pregnant womenNo effect[65]
127Cord bloodNo effect
2009Alvarez-Pedrerol et al.1090Pregnant women TT3 fT4[70]
2009Dallaire et al.120Pregnant women T3[71]
95Cord blood TBG fT4
130Infants, 7 months oldNo effect
2000Longnecker et al.160Cord bloodNo effect[63]
2005Wang et al.118Cord blood T3 T4[72]
2008Dallaire et al.670Cord blood TBG[68]
2008Herbstman et al.289Cord blood, TT4 fT4[67]
265Neonatal blood spot** TT4
2007Chevrier et al.285Newborns TSH[66]
2001Matsuura et al.337Breastfed infants*No effect[64]
2003Ribas-Fito et al.98InfantsTrend toward TSH[61]
2010Darnerud et al.150Infants TT3[73]
1999Osius et al.320Children fT3 TSH[74]
2000Steuerwald et al.182ChildrenNo effect[60]
2008Alvarez-Pedrerol.259Children TT3 fT4[75]
2005Hsu et al.60BoysNo effect[69]
2008Schell et al.232Adolescents fT4 TSH[76]
2001Sala et al.192AdultsTrend toward TSH[77]
2001Hagmar et al.110Adult menNo effect[78]
2001Hagmar et al.182Adult women TT3[79]
2001Persky et al.229AdultsFemale: T4,FTI. Men T3-uptake[80]
2003Bloom et al.66AdultsNo effect[81]
2003Langer et al.101Adults thyroid volume[82]
2004Schell et al.115Adults fT4 T4 TSH
2007Tyruk et al.2445Adults TT4, in older persons TSH[83]
2008Abdelouahab et al.211AdultsFemale T3; men T4 TSH[84]
2009Dallaire et al.623Adults TT3, TBG[59]

PCBs were measured in blood unless otherwise stated. *PCBs measured in breast milk. **neonatal blood spot at day 18 postpartum. N: number, TSH: thyrotropin, TT3: total tri-iodothyronine, TT4: total thyroxine, fT3 free Tri-iodothyronine, fT4: free thyroxine, FTI: free T4 index, and TBG: thyroid hormone-binding globulin.