Review Article
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Management of Patients with Radioiodine Nonresponsive Disease
Table 2
Therapeutic modalities for RAI-refractory recurrent disease.
| | Indication | Pros | Cons |
| Surgery | Surgically resectable local recurrences; metastasectomy | Potential for cure | Potential significant morbidity | External beam radiation | Adjuvant: neck Therapeutic and palliative: metastatic sites | Decrease in recurrence, progression, and pain | May preclude future neck surgery; dysphagia and xerostomia; secondary malignancies | PEIT | Locally recurrent disease in patients at high risk for morbidity and mortality from surgical resection | Potential for avoidance of surgery | Local pain; injury to local structures; unknown effect on survival and recurrence | Systemic chemotherapy (including TKIs) | Unresectable, RAI-refractory, metastatic disease | May slow progression of disease; may alleviate disease symptoms | Significant adverse events; unknown effect on survival |
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PEIT: percutaneous ethanol injection therapy; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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