Prenatal Exposures to Multiple Thyroid Hormone Disruptors: Effects on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

Table 1

Hallmarks and effects of hyper-/hypothyroidism on fetal growth.

	Hyperthyroidism	Hypothyroidism
Metabolic rate	++	−
Glucose demand by tissues	++	−
Glucose stimulated insulin secretion	−	−
Hyperinsulinemia	++	N/A
Insulin resistance	++	N/A
Glucose disposal	−	−
Hepatic gluconeogenesis	++	++
Lipogenesis	−	++
Lipolysis	++	−
Fetal growth	−	++

++ symbolizes increase and − symbolizes a decrease, whereas N/A means not applicable.