The Effect of Race, Sex, and Insurance Status on Time-to-Listing Decisions for Liver Transplantation

Table 3

Regressions in the multivariable competing risks model with interaction terms.

	Diagnosis to listing		Diagnosis to death		Listing to transplant		Listing to death
Variable	Beta	𝑃-value	Beta	𝑃-value	Beta	𝑃-value	Beta	𝑃-value
Age
18–39	<ref>				<ref>
40–64	0.1018	8.70𝐸−02	0.5747	0.00𝐸+00	0.1388	0.11	0.01719	0.89
≥65	−2.181	0.00𝐸+00	0.981	0.00𝐸+00	−0.0751	0.66	0.3803	0.076
Gender
Male	<ref>				<ref>
Female	0.05282	3.10𝐸−01	−0.2175	0.00𝐸+00	−0.2165	0.0021	0.04415	0.69
Race/ethnicity
White	<ref>				<ref>
Black	−0.7324	5.90𝐸−12	4.14𝐸−02	1.70𝐸−01	−0.115	0.44	0.5058	7.10𝐸−03
Hispanic/Asian/other	0.1405	2.10𝐸−01	−2.90𝐸−01	1.40𝐸−08	−0.2502	0.11	−0.01805	9.40𝐸−01
Unknown	0.1394	7.30𝐸−02	1.35𝐸−02	6.40𝐸−01	−0.2215	0.045	−0.07929	6.50𝐸−01
Insurance status
Medicare only	<ref>				<ref>
Medicare plus Medicaid	−0.411	4.30𝐸−02	0.1222	1.10𝐸−03	−0.2997	0.25	−0.2164	0.54
Medicare plus commercial	−0.05088	7.30𝐸−01	−0.004856	8.40𝐸−01	−0.1507	0.41	0.05829	0.8
Medicaid only	−0.1287	3.40𝐸−01	0.08097	2.30𝐸−02	−0.1433	0.37	0.03886	0.87
Commercial only	0.6716	2.60𝐸−08	−0.267	0.00𝐸+00	−0.0757	0.6	−0.1517	0.49
Uninsured (including self-pay)	−0.06924	7.00𝐸−01	−0.1487	1.80𝐸−02	−0.1072	0.61	0.06899	0.82
Severity of illness at diagnosis
None	<ref>				<ref>
Minimal	0.206	2.00𝐸−02	0.7547	0.00𝐸+00	0.02335	0.85	−0.07078	0.72
Moderate	0.9264	0.00𝐸+00	1.334	0.00𝐸+00	0.02553	0.82	0.002209	0.99
Severe	0.9892	0.00𝐸+00	2.022	0.00𝐸+00	0.01008	0.93	0.1598	0.41
Maximal	0.2154	2.10𝐸−01	2.724	0.00𝐸+00	−0.2741	0.36	1.031	0.0012
Liver diagnoses (five groups)
(1) (PBC, PSC, ALD, and autoimmune)	<ref>				<ref>
(2) (Viral hepatitis)	−0.7455	1.10𝐸−02	−0.2798	5.60𝐸−07	0.06082	0.59	0.1554	0.38
(3) (Acute liver failure)	−1.111	6.30𝐸−03	0.3353	4.50𝐸−07	−0.3713	0.04	−0.06777	0.79
(4) (Cancer)	−1.959	6.00𝐸−02	0.6301	0.00𝐸+00	−0.2334	0.42	0.1335	0.77
(5) (Metabolic disease, other)	−1.859	1.30𝐸−08	−0.04497	1.40𝐸−01	−0.2278	0.094	0.1449	0.49
Pennsylvania transplant center
No	N/A				<ref>
Yes					0.3121	0.0021	0.5502	0.0011
INTERACTION TERMS
Diagnosis group × gender
2 × Female	−0.1599	1.80𝐸−01	0.006272	8.60𝐸−01	0.05301	0.77	0.2293	0.38
3 × Female	0.459	1.80𝐸−03	0.05483	2.40𝐸−01	0.3382	0.19	0.3079	0.32
4 × Female	−0.9512	8.50𝐸−03	−0.1406	5.60𝐸−03	1.218	0.035	−0.2633	0.77
5 × Female	−0.2384	6.20𝐸−02	0.004479	8.40𝐸−01	0.07122	0.73	−0.03655	0.9
Diagnosis group × race/ethnicity
2 × Black	−0.03861	8.30𝐸−01	0.1662	2.80𝐸−04	−0.2849	0.31	−0.2854	0.41
3 × Black	0.243	3.30𝐸−01	−0.06367	3.20𝐸−01	−0.2003	0.64	−0.4171	0.41
4 × Black	0.5954	3.00𝐸−01	0.05434	5.60𝐸−01	0.361	0.73	−0.2571	0.8
5 × Black	0.5146	2.80𝐸−02	0.08273	4.30𝐸−02	−0.3152	0.45	−0.2944	0.53
2 × Hispanic/Asian/other	−0.06936	7.40𝐸−01	0.1438	8.20𝐸−02	0.2924	0.34	−0.6491	0.23
3 × Hispanic/Asian/other	0.3302	3.00𝐸−01	0.121	3.50𝐸−01	0.301	0.6	0.9397	0.071
4 × Hispanic/Asian/other	0.5255	2.50𝐸−01	−0.2266	9.30𝐸−02	0.7187	0.12	−8.938	0
5 × Hispanic/Asian/other	−0.009698	9.80𝐸−01	0.0801	2.80𝐸−01	−0.9032	0.26	1.197	0.028
2 × Unknown	−0.3849	5.30𝐸−02	−0.01653	8.00𝐸−01	0.3819	0.11	−0.8792	0.16
3 × Unknown	0.2203	3.10𝐸−01	0.0593	4.30𝐸−01	−0.8466	0.092	1.048	0.01
4 × Unknown	−0.01568	9.70𝐸−01	−0.08379	3.30𝐸−01	−0.1711	0.8	−8.964	0
5 × Unknown	−0.07788	7.10𝐸−01	0.01727	6.50𝐸−01	0.5868	0.069	−0.2218	0.66
Diagnosis group × insurance status
2 × Medicare plus Medicaid	0.01518	9.70𝐸−01	0.0759	3.30𝐸−01
3 × Medicare plus Medicaid	−0.2036	7.80𝐸−01	−0.08408	4.70𝐸−01
4 × Medicare plus Medicaid	−3.869	1.70𝐸−04	−0.1627	2.40𝐸−01
5 × Medicare plus Medicaid	−0.004049	9.90𝐸−01	0.005655	9.10𝐸−01
2 × Medicare plus commercial	0.1845	6.20𝐸−01	0.004062	9.50𝐸−01
3 × Medicare plus commercial	0.4838	3.20𝐸−01	−0.1051	1.70𝐸−01	N/A
4 × Medicare plus commercial	0.6797	5.50𝐸−01	−0.2542	7.90𝐸−04
5 × Medicare plus commercial	−0.1228	7.50𝐸−01	−0.04907	1.30𝐸−01
2 × Medicaid only	−0.3384	2.90𝐸−01	−0.1179	6.50𝐸−02
3 × Medicaid only	0.1897	6.60𝐸−01	−0.6395	6.20𝐸−15
4 × Medicaid only	0.5077	6.70𝐸−01	0.001579	9.90𝐸−01
5 × Medicaid only	0.2893	4.30𝐸−01	−0.1224	1.20𝐸−02
2 × Commercial only	−0.2162	4.70𝐸−01	−0.2046	9.00𝐸−04
3 × Commercial only	−0.2264	5.80𝐸−01	−0.274	1.90𝐸−04
4 × Commercial only	0.6286	5.40𝐸−01	−0.1069	2.00𝐸−01
5 × Commercial only	−0.2812	4.00𝐸−01	−0.09617	9.70𝐸−03
2 × Uninsured	−0.2524	5.40𝐸−01	−0.5278	9.30𝐸−06
3 × Uninsured	−0.7369	2.10𝐸−01	−0.5542	1.10𝐸−05
4 × Uninsured	1.552	2.00𝐸−01	−0.5514	1.50𝐸−02
5 × Uninsured	0.4768	3.10𝐸−01	−0.2448	1.10𝐸−02

Abbreviations: PBC-primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC-primary sclerosing cholangitis; ALD-alcoholic liver disease.