Review Article
Primary Graft Failure after Heart Transplantation
Table 1
Suggested diagnostic criteria for primary graft failure [
7,
9].
| | Presence of | Evidenced by |
| | Ventricular systolic dysfunction—left, right, or biventricular dysfunction | Echocardiographic evidence of dysfunction |
| | Cardiogenic shock lasting more than one hour | Low systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg and/or
low cardiac output—<2 L/minute/m2
Despite adequate intracardiac filling pressures—CVP > 15 mmHg and/or PAWP > 20 mmHg |
| | Circulatory support | Use of ≥2 inotropic agents/vasopressors including high-dose epinephrine or norepinephrine and/or
use of a mechanical assist device—IABP, ECMO, VAD |
| | Appropriate time frame | Onset < 24 hours after transplantation |
| | Exclusion of secondary causes of PGF | For example, cardiac tamponade and hyperacute rejection |
|
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