BK Virus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: The Influence of Immunosuppression

Table 1

Factors other than immunosuppression associated with increased risk of posttransplant BKV replication.

Risk factors	Reference
Older age	[20, 35]
Male gender	[20, 35]
Caucasian race	[18, 35]
Diabetes mellitus	[18]
Deceased donor	[19]
Greater HLA mismatches	[20–22, 35]
Absence of HLA-C7 in donor and recipient	[23]
Acute rejection	[18, 21, 35]
Recipient seronegativity	[25, 33]
Recipient seropositivity	[26]
Donor seropositivity	[23, 27, 28]
High donor antibody titre	[23]
Poor cellular immune response	[30–34, 37]
Longer cold ischemic time	[35]
Use of ureteral stent	[35]
Delayed graft function	[35]
More recent transplant year	[35]
Lower centre transplant volume	[35]

BKV: BK virus; HLA: human leukocyte antigen.