Temporal Changes on the Risks and Complications of Posttransplantion Diabetes Mellitus Following Cardiac Transplantation

Table 1

Characteristics of the transplant population divided by era and according to the development of diabetes at one year.

	Era 1; (CTX 1983-1992); n = 104	Era 2; (CTX 1993-2002); n = 117	Era 3; (CTX 2003-2011); n = 82	Inter-eras; Global; p value	Total; n = 303	PTDM; n = 76	No; PTDM; n = 227	PTDM at 1 year; p value
Follow-up (years)	15.8 (9.7-21.5)	12.3 (9.4-15.7)	5 (3.4-7.8)	<0.0001	10.6 (5.3-16.4)	8.7(3.6-14.5)	11.8(6.1-16.6)	0.01
Recipient Age (years)	45±11	48±11	47±13	0.0573	47±12	49±11	46±12	0.026
Male gender (%)	90(87)	90(77)	56(68)	0.01 §	236(78)	63(83)	173(76)	0.22
Donor Age (years)	27±9	34±13	37±15	<0.0001	32±13	35±14	31±13	0.063
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.2 ± 4.6	24.6 ± 4.4	26.2 ± 4.8	0.0014; §	25 ± 5	25±3.6	24.7±5	0.51
Weight (kg)	67±13	72±15	76±17	0.0005	72±15	73±13	71±16	0.38
Donor/Recipient Weight ratio	0.96±0.2	1.05±0.25	1.10±0.25	0.0006	1.04±0.24	1.02±0.21	1.05±0.25	0.37
Gender match	76(73)	76(65)	58(70)		210 (69)	60(79)	150(66)
Mismatch M->F	5 (5)	13(11)	11(13)	0.1888	29 (10)	3(4)	26(11)	0.06
Mismatch F->M	23(22)	28(24)	13(16)		64 (21)	13(17)	51(22)
CMP etiology
Ischemic	63 (61)	52 (44)	27 (33)	0.0007	142(47)	39 (51)	103(45)	0.37
Non ischemic ¥	41 (39)	65 (56)	55 (67)		161(53)	37(49)	124(55)
Pretransplant comorbidities-
Hyperlipidemia	28 (27)	49 (42)	39 (48)	0.0095	116(38)	35(46)	81(36)	0.11
Cholesterol (mM)	5±1.8	4.2±1.3	3.8±1.2	<0.0001	4.3±1.5	4.2±1.6	4.4±1.5	0.48
Triglycerids (mM)	1.4(1.1-1.9)	1.2(0.8-1.6)	1.1(0.8-1.6)	0.0066	1.3(0.9-1.7)	1.2(0.8-1.8)	1.3(0.9-1.7)	0.71
Inotropic support pre-CTX	35 (34)	45 (38)	42 (51)	0.046 §	122(40)	24(32)	98(43)	0.07
Treatment at discharge
Diuretics	83(80)	81 (69)	47 (59)	0.0081§	211(70)	58(76)	153(68)	0.17
Furosemide	79(76)	76 (65)	45 (56)	0.0177§	200(66)	57(75)	143(64)	0.068
Thiazide	6 (6)	10 (9)	4 (5)	0.5478	20(6.7)	2(3)	18(8)	0.11
MRA	0	2 (2)	2 (3)	0.3061	4(1.3)	1(1)	3(1)	1
Immuno-prophylaxis
Cyclosporine	104(100)	109(93)	24(30)	<0.0001	237(79)	48(63)	189(84)	0.0001
Tacrolimus	0	8(7)	54(68)	<0.0001	62(20)	26(34)	36(16)	0.0007
MPA	0	63(54)	78(98)	<0.0001	141(47)	36(47)	105(47)	0.9156
Azathioprine	68(65)	40(34)	0	<0.0001	108(36)	30(39)	78(35)	0.45
Sirolimus	0	1(0.85)	1(1.25)	0.5556	2(0.7)	1(1)	1(0.4)	0.42
Prednisone	104(100)	116(99)	79(99)	0.5556	299(99)	74(97)	225(100)	0.01

CTX, cardiac transplantation; BMI, body mass index; CMP, cardiomyopathy; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; MRA, mineralo-receptor antagonist; MPA, mycophenolic acid.
Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (lower, upper quartile) if nonparametric and categorical data as counts (percentages).
includes dilated, viral, rheumatic, valvular, noncompaction, hypertrophic, congenital, restrictive, and peripartum cardiomyopathies.
p value < 0.05 for the comparison between era 1 and era 2.
§ p value < 0.05 for the comparison between era 1 and era 3.
p value < 0.05 for the comparison between era 2 and era 3.