Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection in the United States associated with nearly 26,000 cases of cancer annually. With the recent addition of Gardasil 9, three vaccines are now licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for HPV prevention. While providers are the preferred source in educating individuals on HPV and HPV vaccination, low uptake percentages indicate that providers are missing valuable opportunities to educate and strongly recommend HPV vaccination. It is critical to examine perceived barriers and attitudes among providers related to HPV and HPV vaccination to identify factors that influence vaccination coverage. This paper aims to expand provider knowledge and awareness of factors that may facilitate an increase in HPV vaccination coverage and subsequent cancer prevention.

Jessica Palmer

Catherine Carrico

Cindy Costanzo

Identifying and Overcoming Perceived Barriers of Providers towards HPV Vaccination: A Literature Review

That disease and poverty are connected is a cornerstone of public health thought. In the case of pertussis, however, it is possible that the expected relationship to poverty is reversed. Grounds exist for considering that increases in income are associated with increases in pertussis rates, both in terms of real risk through social and network features and through the possibility of greater likelihood of care seeking and detection based on income. Using reported adolescent pertussis cases from a 2012 outbreak in Oregon, pertussis incidence rates were determined for areas grouped by zip code into higher, middle, and lower median household income. Adolescents of ages 13&#x2013;16 years in higher income areas were 2.6 times (95&#x25; CI 1.8&#x2013;3.8) more likely as all others to have reported pertussis during the 2012 outbreak and 3.1 (95&#x25; CI 1.4&#x2013;6.5) times as likely as those in lower income areas. The higher pertussis rates associated with higher income areas were observed regardless of Tdap rate differences. These results suggest that income may be associated with disease risk, likelihood of diagnosis and reporting, or both. Further evaluation of this finding is warranted.

Steve G. Robison

Juventila Liko

Paul R. Cieslak

Differences in Pertussis Incidence by Income among Oregon Teens during an Outbreak

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Journal of Vaccines

Table of Contents

Table of Contents: 2015

Identifying and Overcoming Perceived Barriers of Providers towards HPV Vaccination: A Literature Review

Differences in Pertussis Incidence by Income among Oregon Teens during an Outbreak