Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and Distribution of Pathogens in Dairy Farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu Districts, Rwanda

Table 1

Characterization of respondents and herds per production system in the study area.

Parameter	Intensive ()		Extensive ()		Total percentage
	Number of responses	Percentage	Number of responses	Percentage
Sex
Male	10	13.7%	60	82.2%	95.9%
Female	0	0.0%	3	4.1%	4.1%
Age
[21–30]	0	0.0%	1	1.4%	1.4%
[31–40]	3	4.1%	6	8.2%	12.3%
[41–50]	2	2.7%	23	31.5%	34.2%
>50	5	6.8%	33	45.2%	52.1%
Education level
Informal	1	1.4%	10	13.7%	15.1%
Primary	5	6.8%	46	63.0%	69.9%
Secondary	1	1.4%	4	5.5%	6.8%
University	3	4.1%	3	4.1%	8.2%
Cattle breed
Cross breeds	10	13.7%	63	86.3%	100.0%
Herd size (mean)	30	—	21	—	—
Lactating cows (mean)	14	—	10	—	—
Milk production (mean L/day)	110	—	53	—	—
Milking frequency/day
Once	0	0.0%	0	0.0%	0.0%
Twice	10	13.7%	63	86.3%	100.0%