Antiproliferative, Ultrastructural, and Physiological Effects of Amiodarone on Promastigote and Amastigote Forms of Leishmania amazonensis
Figure 1
Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of amiodarone (AMIO) on Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. (a) Treatment of promastigotes with different concentrations of AMIO for 48 h. (b) Effects of amiodarone on intracellular amastigote forms cultivated in macrophages. Murine host cells were cultivated for 24 h and infected with metacyclic promastigotes for 2 h. After 24 h of infection, AMIO at different concentrations was added to the cultures and treatment maintained for 48 h, with fresh medium with drug added every 24 h. (c) The cytotoxicity of AMIO was also evaluated in noninfected murine macrophages. After treatment with AMIO for 48 h, the macrophages were incubated with Trypan Blue and 400 cells were counted in randomly chosen fields under light microscopy. The experiments were carried out in triplicate, and the bars represent the standard deviation. Statistical analyses were obtained in Prism Software using 2-way ANOVA. The values of p were obtained comparing the control group with the treated groups: ***.
