Molecular Biology International

Review Article

TRIM22: A Diverse and Dynamic Antiviral Protein

Table 1

Summary of the localization patterns observed for TRIM22.


Localization	Pattern	Cell Type	Epitope Tag	Reference

Cytoplasm	Diffuse Diffuse Diffuse Diffuse with speckles/bodies Diffuse Diffuse Diffuse with speckles/bodies	293T COS7 HeLa HeLa HeLa PBMCs U2OS	GFP or V5/His GFP or V5/His Endogenous GFP GFP or V5/His Endogenous GFP	[40] [40] [40] [22] [40] [40] [22]

Cytoplasm & Nucleus	Nucleoplasmic, with nuclear bodies¹ Diffuse throughout, or nuclear bodies² Nucleoplasmic, with nuclear bodies Diffuse, with cytoplasmic bodies³ Nucleoplasmic with NB⁴ Nucleoplasmic, with nuclear bodies Nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic Diffuse with speckles^5-7	ABC28 HeLa HeLa HeLa MCF7 MCF7 T47D U2OS	Endogenous EGFP Endogenous FLAG EGFP, EYFP, or FLAG Endogenous Endogenous Endogenous	[30] [30] [30] [43] [30] [30] [30] [42]

Nucleus	Aggregates/bodies Aggregates/bodies Diffuse with speckles/bodies Diffuse with speckles/bodies Diffuse with bodies	293 COS7 HepG2 HepG2 MCF7	Myc Myc Endogenous Myc FLAG	[41] [10] [13] [13] [20]

¹Some colocalization with fibrillarin (Nucleoli).
²Pattern changes with cell cycle phase: (G0/G1: nuclear bodies; S-phase: nuclear speckles and cytoplasmic; mitosis: diffuse throughout cell).
³TRIM22 plasmid was coexpressed with Rhesus TRIM5α.
⁴Partial colocalization with Cajal bodies.
⁵Potential colocalization with calnexin (Endoplasmic reticulum).
⁶Localization was primarily cytoplasmic when cells were fixed with paraformaldehyde, or both cytoplasmic and nuclear when fixed with ice-cold methanol.
⁷Partial colocalization with the centrosome.