Cell–Cell Interaction of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in the Synthesis of Leukotriene B₄

Abstract

Biosynthesis of LTB₄ during cell-cell interaction between vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and alveolar macrophages (AM) has been investigated by use of both high-pressure Hquid chromatography (HPLC) and radtoimmunoassay (RIA). Both interleukin-β (IL-β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) induced a time- and dose-dependent synthesis of 15-, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) from cultured SMC. However, neither TNFα nor IL-1β induced a significant LTB₄ production in SMC alone or AM alone after 24 h of incubation. Addition of IL-1β and TNFα simultaneously to SMC resulted in a dose-dependent synergistic increase of HETEs. Macrophages dose-dependently transformed extremely low concentrations of exogenous LTA₄ into LTB₄. Incubation of vascular SMC with various numbers of AM in the presence of IL-1β (5 units/ml) and TNFα (10 units/ml) induced a great increase of LTB₄ synthesis in comparison with the detectable levels of LTB₄ produced by macrophages alone. Pretreatment of SMC with NDGA, cycloheximide, and actinomycin not only inhibited IL-1 and TNT induced HETEs synthesis but also abolished LTB₄ production when co-incubated with macrophages. These results suggest that LTB₄ in a mixture of SMC and macrophages could originate from a transcellular metabolism, i.e. macrophages transforming SMC-derived LTA₄ into LTB₄.