Serum TNF-Alpha Level Predicts Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Children

Zorena, Katarzyna; Myśliwska, Jolanta; Myśliwiec, Małgorzata; Balcerska, Anna; Hak, Łukasz; Lipowski, Paweł; Raczyńska, Krystyna

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/92196

Mediators of Inflammation

On this page

Abstract References Copyright Related Articles

Clinical Study | Open Access

Volume 2007 | Article ID 092196 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/92196

Serum TNF-Alpha Level Predicts Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Children

Katarzyna Zorena,¹Jolanta Myśliwska,¹Małgorzata Myśliwiec,²Anna Balcerska,²Łukasz Hak,¹Paweł Lipowski,³and Krystyna Raczyńska³

Received16 Nov 2006

Revised28 Feb 2007

Accepted01 Mar 2007

Published17 May 2007

Abstract

The aim of this study was identification of the immunologic markers of the damage to the eye apparatus at early stages of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 children. One hundred and eleven children with DM type 1 were divided into two groups: those with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and without retinopathy. All the children had their daily urine albumin excretion, HbA1c, C-peptide measured, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, and ophthalmologic examination. Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in serum were measured by ELISA tests (Quantikine High Sensitivity Human by R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn, USA). The NPDR children demonstrated a significantly longer duration of the disease in addition to higher HbA1c, albumin excretion rate, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, as well as TNF-α and IL-6 levels than those without retinopathy. The logistic regression revealed that the risk of NPDR was strongly dependent on TNF-α [(OR 4.01; 95%CI 2.01–7.96)]. TNF-α appears to be the most significant predictor among the analyzed parameters of damage to the eye apparatus. The early introduction of the TNF-α antagonists to the treatment of young patients with DM type 1 who show high serum activity of the TNF-α may prevent them from development of diabetic retinopathy.

References

M. T. Schram, N. Chaturvedi, C. Schalkwijk et al., “Vascular risk factors and markers of endothelial function as determinants of inflammatory markers in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study,” Diabetes Care, vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 2165–2173, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
F. Giorgino, L. Laviola, P. Cavallo Perin, B. Solnica, J. Fuller, and N. Chaturvedi, “Factors associated with progression to macroalbuminuria in microalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study,” Diabetologia, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1020–1028, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Lund-Andersen, “Mechanisms for monitoring changes in retinal status following therapeutic intervention in diabetic retinopathy,” Survey of Ophthalmology, vol. 47, supplement 2, pp. S270–S277, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. E. Schmid, B. Neumaier-Ammerer, U. Stolba, and S. Binder, “Effect of grid laser photocoagulation in diffuse diabetic macular edema in correlation to glycosylated haemoglobin ( ${HbA}_{1 c}$ ),” Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, vol. 244, no. 11, pp. 1446–1452, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. M. Abu el Asrar, D. Maimone, P. H. Morse, S. Gregory, and A. T. Reder, “Cytokines in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 731–736, 1992.
View at: Google Scholar
S. Kojima, T. Yamada, and M. Tamai, “Quantitative analysis of interleukin-6 in vitreous from patients with proliferative vitreoretinal diseases,” Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 40–45, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Yuuki, T. Kanda, Y. Kimura et al., “Inflammatory cytokines in vitreous fluid and serum of patients with diabetic vitreoretinopathy,” Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 257–259, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Doganay, C. Evereklioglu, H. Er et al., “Comparison of serum NO, TNF- $α$ , IL-1 $β$ , sIL-2R, IL-6 and IL-8 levels with grades of retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus,” Eye, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 163–170, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. J. McCarter, J. M. Hempe, R. Gomez, and S. A. Chalew, “Biological variation in ${HbA}_{1 c}$ predicts risk of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes,” Diabetes Care, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 1259–1264, 2004.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Yokoi, S.-I. Yamagishi, M. Takeuchi et al., “Elevations of AGE and vascular endothelial growth factor with decreased total antioxidant status in the vitreous fluid of diabetic patients with retinopathy,” British Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 673–675, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Sugimoto, K. Shikata, J. Wada, S. Horiuchi, and H. Makino, “Advanced glycation end products-cytokine-nitric oxide sequence pathway in the development of diabetic nephropathy: aminoguanidine ameliorates the overexpression of tumour necrosis factor- $α$ and inducible nitric oxide synthase in diabetic rat glomeruli,” Diabetologia, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 878–886, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Rothe, V. Burkart, A. Faust, and H. Kolb, “Interleukin-12 gene expression is associated with rapid development of diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice,” Diabetologia, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 119–122, 1996.
View at: Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association, “Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus,” Diabetes Care, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1183–1197, 1997.
View at: Google Scholar
American Diabetes Association, “Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus,” Diabetes Care, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 3160–3167, 2003.
View at: Google Scholar
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Rerearch Group, “Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms: ETDRS report number 11,” Ophthalmology, vol. 98, supplement 5, pp. 807–822, 1991.
View at: Google Scholar
Y. Dogan, S. Akarsu, B. Ustundag, E. Yilmaz, and M. K. Gurgoze, “Serum IL-1 $β$ , IL-2, and IL-6 in insulin-dependent diabetic children,” Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2006, Article ID 59206, p. 6, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H.-C. Lo, S.-C. Lin, and Y.-M. Wang, “The relationship among serum cytokines, chemokine, nitric oxide, and leptin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus,” Clinical Biochemistry, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 666–672, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Romano, M. Pomilio, S. Vigneri et al., “Endothelial perturbation in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes,” Diabetes Care, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1674–1678, 2001.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Lorini, M. de Amici, G. d'Annunzio, L. Vitali, and A. Scaramuzza, “Low serum levels of tumor necrosis factor- $α$ in insulin-dependent diabetic children,” Hormone Research, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 206–209, 1995.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Balasubramanyam, M. Rema, and C. Premanand, “Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy,” Current Science, vol. 83, no. 12, pp. 1506–1514, 2002.
View at: Google Scholar
P. E. Szmitko, C.-H. Wang, R. D. Weisel, J. R. de Almeida, T. J. Anderson, and S. Verma, “New markers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation—part I,” Circulation, vol. 108, no. 16, pp. 1917–1923, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. Kulseng, L. Vatten, and T. Espevik, “Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: relations to duration and complications of disease,” Acta Diabetologica, vol. 36, no. 1-2, pp. 99–105, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Funatsu, H. Yamashita, H. Noma, T. Mimura, T. Yamashita, and S. Hori, “Increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in the aqueous humor of diabetics with macular edema,” American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 70–77, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Shimizu, H. Funatsu, H. Yamashita, T. Yamashita, and S. Hori, “Plasma level of interleukin-6 is an indicator for predicting diabetic macular edema,” Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 78–83, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Głowacka, M. Banasik, P. Lewkowicz, and H. Tchórzewski, “The effect of LPS on neutrophils from patients with high risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 production and apoptosis in vitro,” Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 210–217, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Winkler, O. Dworak, F. Salamon, D. Salamon, G. Speer, and K. Cseh, “Increased interleukin-12 plasma concentrations in both, insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,” Diabetologia, vol. 41, no. 4, p. 488, 1998.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2007 Katarzyna Zorena et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation Order printed copies

Views

399

Downloads

1356

Citations