Review Article

Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of Autoimmunity

Table 3

Biologic drugs targeting cytokines or cytokine receptors in human autoimmune diseases

DiseaseTherapeutic agentNumber of patients *Trial designReferences

RAAnti-TNF (infliximab)73Phase III[128]
Anti-TNF (infliximab)428Phase III[129]
Soluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept)180Phase III[130]
Human anti-TNF (adalimumab)120Phase III[131]
IL-1RA (anakinra)472Phase III[132]
IL-1RA (anakinra) plus etanercept vs. etanercept alone244Phase III[133]
Fusion protein of IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP (IL1-trap)200Phase IINot published so far; see also [134]
IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo359Phase II[135]
IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus DMARD306Phase III[136]
IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo623Phase III[137]
IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo1,220Phase III[138]
IL-15 inhibitor (HuMax-IL-15 versus placebo30Phase I-II[139]

SOJIA**IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo56Phase III[140, 141]

SLEIL-1RA (anakinra)4Phase II[142]

PsoriasisAnti-TNF (infliximab)378Phase III[143]
Soluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept)618Phase III[144]
Human anti-TNF (adalimumab)271Phase III[145]
Human anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab)766Phase III[146, 147]
Human anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab)1203Phase III[146, 148]

Psoriatic arthritisSoluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept)60Phase III[149]
Human anti-TNF (adalimumab)313Phase III[150]

MSAnti-VLA-4 (natalizumab)213Phase III[151]

umber of patients refers to the total number in the treatment and placebo groups.
OJIA, systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.