Review Article
Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of Autoimmunity
Table 3
Biologic drugs targeting cytokines or cytokine receptors in human autoimmune diseases
| Disease | Therapeutic agent | Number of patients * | Trial design | References |
| RA | Anti-TNF (infliximab) | 73 | Phase III | [128] | Anti-TNF (infliximab) | 428 | Phase III | [129] | Soluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept) | 180 | Phase III | [130] | Human anti-TNF (adalimumab) | 120 | Phase III | [131] | IL-1RA (anakinra) | 472 | Phase III | [132] | IL-1RA (anakinra) plus etanercept vs. etanercept alone | 244 | Phase III | [133] | Fusion protein of IL-1RI and IL-1RAcP (IL1-trap) | 200 | Phase II | Not published so far; see also [134] | IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo | 359 | Phase II | [135] | IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus DMARD | 306 | Phase III | [136] | IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo | 623 | Phase III | [137] | IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo | 1,220 | Phase III | [138] | IL-15 inhibitor (HuMax-IL-15 versus placebo | 30 | Phase I-II | [139] |
| SOJIA** | IL-6 inhibitor (Tocilizumab) versus placebo | 56 | Phase III | [140, 141] |
| SLE | IL-1RA (anakinra) | 4 | Phase II | [142] |
| Psoriasis | Anti-TNF (infliximab) | 378 | Phase III | [143] | Soluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept) | 618 | Phase III | [144] | Human anti-TNF (adalimumab) | 271 | Phase III | [145] | Human anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab) | 766 | Phase III | [146, 147] | Human anti-IL12/23 (ustekinumab) | 1203 | Phase III | [146, 148] |
| Psoriatic arthritis | Soluble TNF p75 receptor (etanercept) | 60 | Phase III | [149] | Human anti-TNF (adalimumab) | 313 | Phase III | [150] |
| MS | Anti-VLA-4 (natalizumab) | 213 | Phase III | [151] |
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umber of patients refers to the total number in the treatment and placebo groups. OJIA, systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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