Deviations in Circulating TNF𝜶 Levels and TNF𝜶 Production by Mononuclear Cells in Healthy Human Populations

Figure 5

Female volunteers also demonstrate high interindividual differences both in circulating TNFα and inducibility of PBMCs during menstrual cycle. Interestingly, volunteer 16 demonstrates the highest TNFα values, and endotoxin tolerance can be observed as a part of the autoregulatory system protecting against extremely high TNF production.

(a) Serum TNF alpha values in female volunteers on day 1 and day13 in their menstrual cycle

(b) Inducibility of PBMCs in female volunteers on day 1 and day 14 in their menstrual cycle