Nuclear Localization of COX-2 in relation to the Expression of Stemness Markers in Urinary Bladder Cancer

Table 2

Expression of COX-2, Oct3/4 and CD44v6 in urinary bladder samples.

(a) COX-2

^$COX-2 staining	−	+	* P value
Normal (SH−)	26	5
Cancer (SH−)	4	36	<0.001^a
Cystitis (SH+)	5	7	0.006^a
Cancer (SH+)	13	20	<0.001^a

(b) Oct3/4

^#IHC grading	−	+	++	+++	𝑃 value
Normal (SH−)	19	11	0	1
Cancer (SH−)	30	10	0	0	0.299^a
Cystitis (SH+)	3	7	2	0	0.031^a
Cancer (SH+)	8	17	2	6	0.010^a	<0.001^b

(c) CD44v6

IHC grading	−	+	++	+++	𝑃 value
Normal (SH−)	14	14	2	1
Cancer (SH−)	3	11	15	11	<0.001^a
Cystitis (SH+)	6	3	2	1	0.496^a
Cancer (SH+)	19	9	4	1	0.484^a	<0.001^b

^$COX-2 staining results were assigned as (−) negative and (+) positive staining.
^#IHC grade was assigned to each specimen according to the degree of staining as described in Materials and Methods.
SH: S. haematobium infection.
* P values were calculated by Chi-square test. ^aVersus normal (SH−). ^bVersus cancer (SH−).