Review Article

LOX-1, OxLDL, and Atherosclerosis

Table 1

LOX-1 inducers.

Proinflammatory cytokines
 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF )
 Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
 Interferon (IFN )
 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
 C-reactive protein (CRP)
Modified lipoproteins
 OxLDL (copper-oxidized LDL)
 15-Lipoxygenase-modified LDL
 15-Lipoxygenase-modified HDL3
 Glycoxidized-LDL
 Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)
 Palmitic acid
Hypertension-related stimuli
 Angiotensin II
 Endothelin-1
 Fluid shear stress
Hyperglycemic stimuli
 High glucose
 Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)
Other stimuli
 Homocysteine
 Free radicals