Research Article

Berberine Protects against Palmitate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Involvements of Upregulation of AMPK and eNOS and Downregulation of NOX4

Figure 3

The effects of berberine on ROS in HUVECs exposed to palmitate. HUVECs were cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 0.5 mmol/L palmitate and treated with 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μmol/L berberine for 12 h. HUVECs were labeled with DCFH-DA for 20 min and ROS generation was analyzed by fluorescence detection with Confocal microscopy at 200x. (a) HUVECs were cultured in RPMI 1640 without palmitate; (b) HUVECs were stimulated by 0.5 mmol/L palmitate; ((c), (d) and (e)) HUVECs were stimulated by 0.5 mmol/L palmitate and treated with 1.25, 2.5, and 5 μmol/L berberine, respectively.
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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(e)