Mediators of Inflammation

Research Article

Plasma Progranulin Concentrations Are Increased in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity and Correlated with Insulin Resistance

Table 1

Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the study groups.


	NGT		T2DM
	NGT-NW	NGT-OB	T2DM-NW	T2DM-OB

N (M/F)	46 (15/31)	42 (20/22)	37 (11/26)	43 (18/25)
Age (year)	58.54 ± 5.96	59.10 ± 7.43	61.65 ± 6.96	60.86 ± 7.22
Weight (kg)	55.83 ± 5.74	68.79 ± 8.04^b	55.54 ± 6.27	69.30 ± 8.51^f
BMI (kg/cm²)	22.36 ± 1.75	27.81 ± 3.10^b	22.97 ± 1.47	27.78 ± 2.25^f
WC (cm)	78.17 ± 5.72	91.69 ± 5.42^b	80.38 ± 6.20	91.81 ± 5.43^f
WHR	0.86 ± 0.04	0.92 ± 0.05^b	0.87 ± 0.05	0.91 ± 0.04^f
SBP (mm Hg)	118.41 ± 9.45	122.79 ± 9.61	133.46 ± 15.65^bd	127.43 ± 14.45^bd
DBP (mm Hg)	74.20 ± 6.99	74.67 ± 7.25	74.49 ± 10.09	75.52 ± 8.81^ace
FPG (mmol/L)	5.25 ± 0.33	5.40 ± 0.43	7.28 ± 1.34^bd	7.46 ± 1.13^bd
2hPG (mmol/L)	6.28 ± 1.03	6.00 ± 1.14	13.58 ± 2.99^bd	13.09 ± 3.30^bd
FINS (mU/L)	5.61 ± 2.58	8.87 ± 4.76^a	7.58 ± 3.88	12.27 ± 7.04^bdf
HbA1c (%)	5.49 ± 0.32	5.57 ± 0.35	6.79 ± 0.78^bd	6.79 ± 0.80^bd
TC (mmol/L)	4.43 ± 0.91	4.82 ± 1.00^a	4.59 ± 0.84	4.85 ± 0.92^a
TG (mmol/L)	1.07 ± 0.51	1.48 ± 0.84^a	1.50 ± 0.80^a	2.04 ± 1.37^bce
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.43 ± 0.27	1.28 ± 0.32^a	1.31 ± 0.35	1.14 ± 0.23^bce
LDL-c (mmol/L)	2.47 ± 0.69	2.84 ± 0.78^a	2.55 ± 0.64	2.82 ± 0.70^a
PGRN (ng/mL)	148.69 ± 55.27	183.79 ± 61.63^a	195.59 ± 50.47^b	225.22 ± 34.39^bde
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2.57 ± 1.78	3.73 ± 2.69	4.46 ± 3.37^a	7.68 ± 3.14^bde
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.24 ± 0.13	0.35 ± 0.26^a	0.32 ± 0.18^a	0.43 ± 0.29^bdf
HOMA-IR	1.32 ± 0.64	2.12 ± 1.14^a	2.43 ± 1.22^b	4.07 ± 2.49^bdf
HOMA-β	93.42 ± 39.60	90.90 ± 44.27	63.51 ± 32.09^bd	43.96 ± 26.08^bde

Data are presented as means ± SD. NGT: normal glucose tolerance; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; NW: normal weight; OB: obesity; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; WHR: waist hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2h postchallenge plasma glucose; FINS: fasting serum insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β: Homeostasis Model Assessment for beta-cell function; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reaction protein. ^aP 0.05 compared with NGT-NW, ^bP < 0.01 compared with NGT-NW; ^cP 0.05 compared with NGT-OB, ^dP < 0.01 compared with NGT-OB, ^eP 0.05 compared with T2DM-NW, and ^fP < 0.01 compared with T2DM-NW.