Erythrocyte Shape Abnormalities, Membrane Oxidative Damage, and β-Actin Alterations: An Unrecognized Triad in Classical Autism

Figure 3

Intraerythrocyte NPBI, along with erythrocyte membrane esterified F₂-IsoPs and 4-HNE protein adducts in autistic patients, subjects with nonautistic neurodevelopmental disorders (NA-NDDs), and healthy controls. NPBI was reported as nmol/mL erythrocyte suspension, esterified F₂-IsoPs as pg/mg of erythrocyte membrane proteins, and 4-HNE protein adducts as arbitrary units. The data are expressed as means ± SD. Statistically significant differences are denoted by asterisks, 𝑃<0.05. NPBI: non protein-bound-iron; F₂-IsoPs: F₂-isoprostanes; 4-HNE PAs: 4-HNE protein adducts.

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